{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:09:30Z","timestamp":1793934570866,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood-brain barrier dysfunction might be driven by peripheral inflammation. TNF\u03b1 inhibitors (TNF-\u03b1<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) are occasionally associated with a wide spectrum of neurological immuno-mediated disorders. However, patients with systemic autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), might be prone to develop further organ-specific, including central nervous system (CNS), autoimmunity. Here we report the case of a patient, affected by RA and treated with etanercept, who suddenly developed focal neurological symptoms. Cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)\/MRI findings are reported and support the diagnosis of TNF-\u03b1<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> -associated aseptic meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1432360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T04:29:04Z","timestamp":1725942544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Case report: Breaking CNS immuno-privilege: TNF\u03b1-inhibitor triggers aseptic meningitis in a patient with rheumatoid 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