{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:41:40Z","timestamp":1792172500867,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple factors contribute to the development of connective tissue diseases (CTD), often alongside a range of interstitial lung diseases (ILD), including Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome-associated ILD, systemic sclerosis-associated ILD, systemic lupus erythematosus-associated ILD, idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated ILD. TRIM21(or Ro52), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a vital role in managing innate and adaptive immunity, and maintaining cellular homeostasis, and is a focal target for autoantibodies in various rheumatic autoimmune diseases. However, the effectiveness of anti-TRIM21 antibodies in diagnosing CTD remains a matter of debate because of their non-specific nature. Recent studies indicate that TRIM21 and its autoantibody are involved in the pathogenesis of CTD-ILD and play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we focus on the contribution of TRIM21 in the pathogenesis of CTD-ILD, as well as the potential diagnostic value of its autoantibodies in different types of CTD-ILD for disease progression and potential as a novel therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1435525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T04:29:23Z","timestamp":1722918563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Roles of TRIM21\/Ro52 in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiangmei","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shukang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.09.002","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease and other pulmonary manifestations in connective tissue diseases","volume":"94","author":"Mira-Avendano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.03.033","article-title":"The role of infection in interstitial lung diseases: A review","volume":"152","author":"Azadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6819","article-title":"Management of interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease","volume":"352","author":"Mathai","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000703","article-title":"Management issues in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"32","author":"England","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020407","article-title":"Therapeutic options for the treatment of interstitial lung disease related to connective tissue diseases. 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