{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:58:05Z","timestamp":1790456285764,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing lymphoma. In this study, we performed cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cART-na\u00efve HIV+ individuals and cART-na\u00efve HIV+ individuals prior to AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (pre-NHL) diagnosis. Participants were enrolled in the Los Angeles site of the MACS\/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and unsupervised clustering analysis were performed to identify differences in the expression of B-cell activation markers and\/or oncogenic markers associated with lymphomagenesis. CD10<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD27<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> B cells, CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD27<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> B cells, and B-cell populations with aberrant features (CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD27<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD71<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells and CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cMYC<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells) were significantly elevated in HIV+ cART-na\u00efve compared to HIV-negative samples. CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD27<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells, CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD27<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD10<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cMYC<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells, and a cluster of CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR4<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD27<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD40<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>AICDA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells were significantly elevated in HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-na\u00efve) compared to HIV+ cART-na\u00efve samples. A potentially clonal cluster of CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cMYC<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>AICDA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells and a cluster of germinal center B-cell-like cells (CD19<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Bcl-6<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>PD-L1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cMYC<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were also found in the circulation of HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-na\u00efve) samples. Moreover, significantly elevated clusters of CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> cMYC<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> AICDA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B regulatory cells were identified in HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-na\u00efve) compared to HIV+ cART-na\u00efve samples. The present study identifies unique B-cell subsets in PLWH with potential pre-malignant features that may contribute to the development of pre-tumor B cells in PLWH and that may play a role in lymphomagenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1441994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T04:23:55Z","timestamp":1726028635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization of unique B-cell populations in the circulation of people living with HIV prior to non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Laura 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