{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:21:06Z","timestamp":1793661666238,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008454","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008454","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent evidence suggests that adaptive immune cells are important contributors to metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In liver biopsies from MASLD patients, the accumulation of intrahepatic B cells is positively correlated with the MASLD activity score. Hepatic B-cell infiltration is observed in experimental models of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH). Intrahepatic B2 cells have been shown to contribute to MASLD\/MASH by activating T cells, macrophages and hepatic stellate cells, and by producing pathogenic IgG antibodies. In mice fed a MASH diet, selective depletion of B2 cells reduces steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Intestinal B cells are metabolically activated in MASH and promote T-cell activation independently of TCR signaling. In addition, B cells have been shown to contribute to liver fibrosis by activating monocyte-derived macrophages through the secretion of IgA immunoglobulins. Furthermore, our recent study indicates that certain B cell subsets, very likely regulatory B cells, may play a protective role in MASLD. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of B cell functions and discusses future research directions on the different roles of B cells in MASLD and MASH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1447391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:28:06Z","timestamp":1726792086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The multifaceted roles of B lymphocytes in metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Huige","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320622","article-title":"Nafld and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications","volume":"69","author":"Targher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of nafld worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000153","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: A scientific statement from the american heart association","volume":"42","author":"Duell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0082-x","article-title":"The role of macrophages in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"16","author":"Kazankov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00041.2019","article-title":"Comparison of murine steatohepatitis models identifies a dietary intervention with robust fibrosis, ductular reaction, and rapid progression to cirrhosis and cancer","volume":"318","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466","article-title":"Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease","volume":"67","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32481","article-title":"The B side of B cells in nafld","volume":"76","author":"Barrow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0009-6","article-title":"Triggering and resolution of inflammation in nash","volume":"15","author":"Schuster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00639-3","article-title":"Immune cell-mediated features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Huby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.012","article-title":"Immune mechanisms linking metabolic injury to inflammation and fibrosis in fatty liver disease - novel insights into cellular communication circuits","volume":"77","author":"Peiseler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.10.009","article-title":"The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Sawada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06318-7","article-title":"Single cell rna sequencing of human liver reveals distinct intrahepatic macrophage populations","volume":"9","author":"MacParland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0210-2","article-title":"Adaptive immunity: an emerging player in the progression of nafld","volume":"17","author":"Sutti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31889","article-title":"The emerging role of B cells in the pathogenesis of nafld","volume":"74","author":"Barrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00558-8","article-title":"Hepatic macrophages in liver homeostasis and diseases-diversity, plasticity and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"18","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.037","article-title":"Intestinal B cells license metabolic T-cell activation in nash microbiota\/antigen-independently and contribute to fibrosis by iga-fcr signalling","volume":"79","author":"Kotsiliti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100962","article-title":"Roles of innate lymphoid cells in metabolic and alcohol-associated liver diseases","volume":"6","author":"Bourinet","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111937","article-title":"Single-cell rna sequencing identifies a population of human liver-type ilc1s","volume":"42","author":"Kramer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01885-y","article-title":"Diversity of group 1 innate lymphoid cells in human tissues","volume":"25","author":"Jaeger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012376","article-title":"Role of B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of nafld: A 2022 update","volume":"23","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.1.9","article-title":"Fates of human B-cell precursors","volume":"96","author":"LeBien","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-078071","article-title":"B lymphocytes: how they develop and function","volume":"112","author":"LeBien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02458","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for consistent classification of human B cell and plasma cell populations","volume":"10","author":"Sanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.016","article-title":"B cell responses: cell interaction dynamics and decisions","volume":"177","author":"Cyster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3795","article-title":"The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells","volume":"15","author":"Nutt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.62.5.1803-1807.1988","article-title":"Clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in antibody- and B-cell-deprived mice","volume":"62","author":"Cerny","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3351","article-title":"Depletion of B cells in murine lupus: efficacy and resistance","volume":"179","author":"Ahuja","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-008-0088-z","article-title":"New tools to study the role of B cells in cytomegalovirus infections","volume":"197","author":"Waisman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/350423a0","article-title":"A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin mu chain gene","volume":"350","author":"Kitamura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200212)32:12<3463::AID-IMMU3463>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Incomplete block of B cell development and immunoglobulin production in mice carrying the mumt mutation on the balb\/C background","volume":"32","author":"Hasan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89775","article-title":"Iga production without mu or delta chain expression in developing B cells","volume":"2","author":"Macpherson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89721","article-title":"B cells with the guts to switch","volume":"2","author":"Clark","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90644-6","article-title":"Independent Control of Immunoglobulin Switch Recombination at Individual Switch Regions Evidenced through Cre-Loxp-Mediated Gene Targeting","volume":"73","author":"Gu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/5.6.647","article-title":"Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in B cell deficient mice generated by targeted deletion of the jh locus","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062024","article-title":"Igg1 B cell receptor signaling is inhibited by cd22 and promotes the development of B cells whose survival is less dependent on ig alpha\/beta","volume":"204","author":"Waisman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32428","article-title":"Dual roles of B lymphocytes in mouse models of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"76","author":"Karl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111686","article-title":"B lymphocyte-deficiency in mice causes vascular dysfunction by inducing neutrophilia","volume":"9","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12362","article-title":"Role of intrahepatic B cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulating intrahepatic T cells","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14232","article-title":"Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote local and hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31755","article-title":"Microbiota-driven activation of intrahepatic B cells aggravates nash through innate and adaptive signaling","volume":"74","author":"Barrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.015","article-title":"B2-lymphocyte responses to oxidative stress-derived antigens contribute to the evolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Nafld)","volume":"124","author":"Bruzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26749","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses triggered by oxidative stress contribute to hepatic inflammation in nash","volume":"59","author":"Sutti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells6040048","article-title":"Differential location and distribution of hepatic immune cells","volume":"6","author":"Freitas-Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.04.019","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-4 signaling and kupffer cells play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"47","author":"Rivera","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301623","article-title":"Tlr4 signaling shapes B cell dynamics via myd88-dependent pathways and rac gtpases","volume":"191","author":"Barrio","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9345-8","article-title":"B cell-activating factor is associated with the histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Miyake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.047","article-title":"Blocking integrin alpha(4)Beta(7)-mediated cd4 T cell recruitment to the intestine and liver protects mice from western diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"73","author":"Rai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03233-8","article-title":"Auto-aggressive cxcr6(+) cd8 T cells cause liver immune pathology in nash","volume":"592","author":"Dudek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24734-0","article-title":"Cd8(+) tissue-resident memory T cells promote liver fibrosis resolution by inducing apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"12","author":"Koda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032509","article-title":"Role of B cell-activating factor in fibrosis progression in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"24","author":"Kanemitsu-Okada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.954936","article-title":"Role of B cells as antigen presenting cells","volume":"13","author":"Rastogi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aai7616","article-title":"Type I interferon responses drive intrahepatic T cells to promote metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Ghazarian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27761","article-title":"Liver fibrosis occurs through dysregulation of myd88-dependent innate B-cell activity","volume":"61","author":"Thapa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.417014","article-title":"Kuppfer cells trigger nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development in diet-induced mouse model through tumor necrosis factor-alpha production","volume":"287","author":"Tosello-Trampont","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.075697","article-title":"Chitotriosidase gene expression in kupffer cells from patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"55","author":"Malaguarnera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50472","article-title":"Kupffer cell engulfment of apoptotic bodies stimulates death ligand and cytokine expression","volume":"38","author":"Canbay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.028","article-title":"Toxic lipids stored by kupffer cells correlates with their pro-inflammatory phenotype at an early stage of steatohepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Leroux","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.867940","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cell-immune interactions in nash","volume":"13","author":"Carter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88881","article-title":"Liver inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"127","author":"Koyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27189","article-title":"Il-20 and il-20r1 antibodies protect against liver fibrosis","volume":"60","author":"Chiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24388","article-title":"Critical role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, but not 2, in hepatic stellate cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and liver fibrogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Tarrats","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac090","article-title":"Cytokine production by human B cells: role in health and autoimmune disease","volume":"210","author":"de Gruijter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3857","article-title":"Antibody-independent functions of B cells: A focus on cytokines","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.01.003","article-title":"The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (Timps): an ancient family with structural and functional diversity","volume":"1803","author":"Brew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.824481","article-title":"Oxidized lipids: common immunogenic drivers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Hoebinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.607011","article-title":"Oxidation-specific epitopes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Hendrikx","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0652-0","article-title":"Low levels of igm antibodies recognizing oxidation-specific epitopes are associated with human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Hendrikx","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.057968","article-title":"Immune response towards lipid peroxidation products as a predictor of progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to advanced fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Albano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i43.7563","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis predicts clinical outcome: A prospective multi-centre cohort study","volume":"27","author":"De Roza","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.10.1872","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine attenuates progression of liver pathology in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"138","author":"Baumgardner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13139","article-title":"B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease","volume":"95","author":"Fleming","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1400-8","article-title":"Immunoglobulin a and liver diseases","volume":"53","author":"Inamine","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102119-074236","article-title":"Production and function of immunoglobulin A","volume":"39","author":"Hand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.046","article-title":"Structure and function of immunoglobulins","volume":"125","author":"Schroeder","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.010","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin levels predict fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","author":"McPherson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24302","article-title":"Inflammation-induced iga+ Cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity","volume":"551","author":"Shalapour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.04.014","article-title":"Mouse and Human Liver Contain Immunoglobulin a-Secreting Cells Originating from Peyer\u2019s Patches and Directed against Intestinal Antigens","volume":"151","author":"Moro-Sibilot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002104","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin a levels do not correlate with liver disease severity in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"67","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.5.2521","article-title":"Targeted deletion of the iga constant region in mice leads to iga deficiency with alterations in expression of other ig isotypes","volume":"162","author":"Harriman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24798","article-title":"Attenuated liver fibrosis in the absence of B cells","volume":"115","author":"Novobrantseva","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700943","article-title":"A hard(Y) look at B-1 cell development and function","volume":"199","author":"Baumgarth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25660","article-title":"Specific immunization strategies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein: A novel way to reduce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"56","author":"Bieghs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.014","article-title":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins","volume":"58","author":"Walenbergh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.04.005","article-title":"Regulatory B cells: origin, phenotype, and function","volume":"42","author":"Rosser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190418","article-title":"Biology and therapeutic potential of interleukin-10","volume":"217","author":"Saraiva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1161067","article-title":"The multifaceted nature of il-10: regulation, role in immunological homeostasis and its relevance to cancer, covid-19 and post-covid conditions","volume":"14","author":"Carlini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1447391\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:28:08Z","timestamp":1726792088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1447391\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1447391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1447391","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"article-number":"1447391"}}