{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:03:45Z","timestamp":1777673025743,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Effective subunit vaccines for tuberculosis (TB) must target antigenic components at various stages of infection. In this study, we constructed fusion proteins using secreted antigens from <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>), specifically ESAT6, CFP10, MPT64, and Rv2645 from the proliferation stage, along with latency-associated antigens Rv1738 and Rv1978. The resulting fusion proteins, designated LT33 (ESAT6-CFP10-Rv1738) and LT28 (MPT64<jats:sub>61-170<\/jats:sub>-Rv1978<jats:sub>8-60<\/jats:sub>-Rv2645<jats:sub>21-80<\/jats:sub>), were combined with an adjuvant containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (PolyI:C), and cholesterol to construct subunit vaccines. We evaluated the subunit vaccine effect in C57BL\/6 mice and revealed that LT33 and LT28 exhibited strong immunogenicity and induced protective efficacy against aerosol challenge with <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> H37Rv. Notably, the combination of LT33 and LT28 led to a significant reduction of 0.77 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) of H37Rv in the lungs compared to the adjuvant control group, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for subunit vaccine against <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1450124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T06:18:25Z","timestamp":1732256305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion proteins LT33 and LT28 induced strong protective immunity in 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