{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:55:47Z","timestamp":1753890947868,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a severe hematological malignancy characterized by BCR-ABL fusion gene. The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL has improved the landscape of CML treatment dramatically. The occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has challenged many cancers. However, its effect on TKI therapy of CML remains unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we collected peripheral blood from chronic phase CML patients treated with TKIs at low-level BCR-ABL P210 during COVID-19 pandemic, and determined the alterations of BCR-ABL P210 by applying the well-established BCR-ABL P210 detection system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed that the level of BCR-ABL P210 of CML patients was significantly elevated shortly after contracting COVID-19, and then recovered to pre-infection level within one month. The elevated degree of P210 was positively correlated with the duration of COVID-19. And the level of P210 was elevated in CML patients that took COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, lymphocyte subsets and cytokine detections were performed by flow cytometry to analyze the alteration of immune responses. Our results showed that effector CD8+ T (Teff) cells were significantly downregulated while na\u00efve CD8+ T cells or Treg cells were obviously upregulated in P210-elevated CML patients after contracting COVID-19 compared to that in P210-unchanged or decreased CML patients. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was constructed to further determine its effects. The results showed that the level of BCR-ABL P210 was upregulated upon transfection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into blood samples of CML patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrate that COVID-19 suppresses the immune activity and consequentially elevates the level of BCR-ABL P210 of CML patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1452035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T06:32:00Z","timestamp":1732084320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID-19 mitigates the response to TKIs in patients with CML via the inhibition of T-cell immunity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guosheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wancheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daoxin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010117","article-title":"Chronic myeloid leukemia: A model disease of the past, present and future","volume":"10","author":"Minciacchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-01082-4","article-title":"Characterization of p190-Bcr-Abl chronic myeloid leukemia reveals specific signaling pathways and therapeutic targets","volume":"35","author":"Adnan-Awad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/306239a0","article-title":"Localization of the c-ab1 oncogene adjacent to a translocation break point in chronic myelocytic leukaemia","volume":"306","author":"Heisterkamp","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.215939","article-title":"Human BCR\/ABL1 induces chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease in zebrafish","volume":"105","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30096-6","article-title":"Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China","volume":"21","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01169-w","article-title":"What do we currently know about chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Delgado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0853-6","article-title":"COVID-19 in persons with chronic myeloid leukaemia","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17890","article-title":"COVID-19 infection in chronic myeloid leukaemia after one year of the pandemic in Italy. 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