{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:51:00Z","timestamp":1793451060562,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate serum TL1A levels and their correlation with Th17 cells, IL-17, and IL-21 in children with Graves\u2019 disease (GD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-seven children (12 males and 25 females) aged 9-14 years with newly diagnosed and untreated GD were enrolled in this study. Serum TL1A, IL-17, and IL-21 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percentage of Th17 cells in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. The correlation between serum TL1A levels and Th17 cells, IL-17, and IL-21 was analyzed using Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum TL1A levels and the percentage of Th17 cells were significantly higher in children with GD compared to healthy controls (P&amp;lt;0.05). Serum IL-17 and IL-21 levels were also significantly elevated in GD patients (P&amp;lt;0.05). Serum TL1A levels positively correlated with the percentage of Th17 cells (r=0.625, P&amp;lt;0.05), IL-17 (r=0.573, P&amp;lt;0.05), and IL-21 (r=0.542, P&amp;lt;0.05) in children with GD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum TL1A levels are increased in children with GD and positively correlate with Th17 cells, IL-17, and IL-21, suggesting that TL1A may play a role in the pathogenesis of GD by regulating Th17 cell differentiation and the production of IL-17 and IL-21.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1455025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T06:22:18Z","timestamp":1734070938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Study on serum TL1A levels and their correlation with Th17 cells, IL-17 and IL-21 in children with Graves\u2019 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