{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:10:59Z","timestamp":1792653059614,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutrophils rapidly respond to inflammation resulting from infection, injury, and cancer. Intravital microscopy (IVM) has significantly advanced our understanding of neutrophil behavior, enabling real-time visualization of their migration, interactions with pathogens, and coordination of immune responses. This review delves into the insights provided by IVM studies on neutrophil dynamics in various inflammatory contexts. We also examine the dual role of neutrophils in tumor microenvironments, where they can either facilitate or hinder cancer progression. Finally, we highlight how computational modeling techniques, especially agent-based modeling, complement experimental data by elucidating neutrophil kinetics at the level of individual cells as well as their collective behavior. Understanding the role of neutrophils in health and disease is essential for developing new strategies for combating infection, inflammation and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1458035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:28:36Z","timestamp":1728361716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neutrophils under the microscope: neutrophil dynamics in infection, inflammation, and cancer revealed using intravital imaging"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrew O.","family":"Yam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnolda","family":"Jakovija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Gatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Chtanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.37.2.188","article-title":"Normal values for peripheral blood white cell counts in women of four different ethnic origins","volume":"37","author":"Bain","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6890-3-3","article-title":"Gender dimorphism in differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts in mice using cardiac, tail, foot, and saphenous vein puncture methods","volume":"3","author":"Doeing","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.07.012","article-title":"Dynamics of neutrophil migration in lymph nodes during infection","volume":"29","author":"Chtanova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08119","article-title":"A tissue-scale gradient of hydrogen peroxide mediates rapid wound detection in zebrafish","volume":"459","author":"Niethammer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203266","article-title":"Cxcl8 (IL-8) mediates neutrophil recruitment and behavior in the zebrafish inflammatory response","volume":"190","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000562","article-title":"Live imaging of innate immune cell sensing of transformed cells in zebrafish larvae: parallels between tumor initiation and wound inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653","article-title":"How neutrophils kill microbes","volume":"23","author":"Segal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.59.2.229","article-title":"Rapid killing of human neutrophils by the potent activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) accompanied by changes different from typical apoptosis or necrosis","volume":"59","author":"Takei","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108553","article-title":"The particulate superoxide-forming system from human neutrophils. 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