{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:03:33Z","timestamp":1785449013565,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature and low-birthweight infants are at especially high risk of perinatal complications, including impaired thermoregulation, infections and respiratory distress. Such adverse effects and the need for invasive procedures are associated with high mortality among preterms. This study focused on the influence of the innate immune system and tested the levels of collectins, collectin-10 (CL-10), collectin-11 (CL-11) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in preterm neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cord blood was collected from 535 preterms (born at gestational age \u226437 weeks). <jats:italic>COLEC10<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>COLEC11<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time PCR and those of <jats:italic>MBL2<\/jats:italic> by PCR\/PCR-RFLP. The concentrations of collectins in sera from cord blood were determined with ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low concentrations of CL-10 in cord sera (&amp;lt;462 ng\/ml corresponding to the 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> percentile) were significantly associated with births at GA \u226432 weeks. Median levels of both CL-10 and CL-11 were significantly lower in preterms with very low birthweight (&amp;lt;1500 g), low Apgar 1\u2019 score and those who needed prolonged hospitalisation. Lower median CL-10 was also observed in fetal growth restriction cases. An important finding was the decreased concentrations of CL-10, CL-11 and MBL in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). For CL-10 and CL-11, that relationship was confined to infants born at GA \u226533 weeks and\/or with body mass at birth \u22651500 g. Only CL-10 was found to influence susceptibility to early-onset infections. <jats:italic>COLEC11<\/jats:italic> heterozygosity for the activity-decreasing polymorphism (rs7567833, +39618 A&amp;gt;G, His219Arg) was more common in preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) cases, compared with corresponding reference groups. Furthermore, C\/T or T\/T genotypes at <jats:italic>COLEC11<\/jats:italic> at rs3820897 (-9570 C&amp;gt;T) as well as MBL deficiency-associated <jats:italic>MBL2<\/jats:italic> gene variants were more common in preterms diagnosed with RDS than among unaffected newborns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complement-activating collectins investigated here could be important for maintaining homeostasis in preterm neonates. Despite similar structure and specificity, MBL, CL-10 and CL-11 manifest a different spectrum of clinical associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1463651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T04:42:25Z","timestamp":1728621745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical associations of complement-activating collectins, collectin-10, collectin-11 and mannose-binding lectin in preterm neonates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Gajek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soren W. K.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Jarych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Kufelnicka-Babout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna S.","family":"\u015awierzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Kobiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szala-Po\u017adziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Chojnacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Sobczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Dom\u017calska-Popadiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Mazela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Kalinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Cedzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00079","article-title":"The immune consequences of preterm birth","volume":"7","author":"Melville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Demographic Yearbook of Poland2023"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:104186","article-title":"Deaths: leading causes for 2018","volume":"70","author":"Heron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.03.009","article-title":"Brain volumes and abnormalities in adults born preterm at very low birthweight","volume":"246","author":"Kuula","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1328658","article-title":"Collectins and ficolins in neonatal health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Cedzy\u0144ski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/363246","article-title":"Factors of the lectin pathway of complement activation and their clinical associations in neonates","volume":"2012","author":"Cedzynski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J BioMed Biotechnol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.05.012","article-title":"The collectins CL-L1, CL-K1 and CL-P1 and their role in complement and innate immunity","volume":"221","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1580-4_4","article-title":"Collectins: innate immune pattern recognition molecules","volume-title":"Lectin in Host Defense Against Microbial Infections","author":"Murugaiah","year":"2020"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302121","article-title":"Heteromeric complexes of native collectin kidney 1 and collectin liver 1 are found in the circulation with MASPs and activate the complement system","volume":"191","author":"Henriksen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901316","article-title":"C1q\/TNF-related protein 6 is a pattern recognition molecule that recruits collectin-11 from the complement system to ligands","volume":"204","author":"Kirketerp-Moller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155483","article-title":"Association of polymorphisms of MASP1, COLEC10 and COLEC11 genes with 3MC syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Gajek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741140","article-title":"Polymorphisms of the FCN2 gene 3\u2019UTR region and their clinical associations in preterm newborns","volume":"12","author":"\u015awierzko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315336","article-title":"Association of the FCN2 gene promoter region polymorphisms with very low birthweight in preterm neonates","volume":"23","author":"Szala-Po\u017adziej","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1107063","article-title":"Association of low ficolin-2 concentration in cord serum with respiratory distress syndrome in preterm newborns","volume":"14","author":"Gajek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.594087","article-title":"Mannan-binding lectin deficiency in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"46","author":"Bak-Romaniszyn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114883","article-title":"Genetic variation of COLEC10 and COLEC11 and association with serum levels of collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1)","volume":"10","author":"Bayarri-Olmos","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.492603","article-title":"Investigations on collectin liver 1","volume":"288","author":"Axelgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.10.01","article-title":"An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of human collectin 11 (CL-11, CL-K1)","volume":"375","author":"Selman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02453.x","article-title":"Mannan-binding lectin insufficiency in children with recurrent infections of the respiratory system","volume":"136","author":"Cedzynski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu241","article-title":"Altered gene expression in human placentas after IVF\/ICSI","volume":"29","author":"Nelissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.07.025","article-title":"Two factors of the lectin pathway of complement, L-ficolin and mannan-binding lectin, and their associations with prematurity, low birthweight and infections in a large cohort of Polish neonates","volume":"46","author":"Swierzko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01104.x","article-title":"Serum concentrations of lectin-pathway components in healthy neonates, children and adults: mannan-binding lectin (MBL), M-, L-, and H-ficolin, and MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2)","volume":"22","author":"Sallenbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.01.003","article-title":"Components of the lectin pathway of complement activation in paediatric patients of intensive care units","volume":"221","author":"\u015awierzko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx424","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in mean and variance of gene expression across tissues in a twin cohort","volume":"27","author":"Vi\u00f1uela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B25","article-title":"Mannan-binding protein in human umbilical cord blood","volume":"15","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01436.x","article-title":"Heritability estimates for the constitutional levels of the collectins mannan-binding lectin and lung surfactant protein D. A study of unselected like-sexed mono- and dizygotic twins at the age of 6-9 years","volume":"106","author":"Husby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03866.x","article-title":"Mannose-binding protein in preterm infants: developmental profile and clinical significance","volume":"102","author":"Lau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01202.x","article-title":"Umbilical cord mannan-binding lectin and infections in early childhood","volume":"57","author":"Kielgast","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01987.x","article-title":"Host defence lectins in preterm neonates","volume":"94","author":"Hilgendorff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Pediatr"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03093.x","article-title":"High prevalence of mannose-binding lectin deficiency in premature neonates","volume":"145","author":"Frakking","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01886.x","article-title":"Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) genotype in relation to risk of nosocomial infection in preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"14","author":"van der Zwet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gim.0000232478.43335.19","article-title":"Evidence for an association between mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene polymorphisms and preterm birth","volume":"8","author":"Bodamer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1487938","article-title":"Influence of MBL2 and NOS3 polymorphisms on spontaneous preterm birth in North East Brazil: genetics and preterm birth","volume":"33","author":"Carvahlo da Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12154","article-title":"Complement profile in neonates of different gestational ages","volume":"79","author":"Grumach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0017-9","article-title":"Mannose-binding lectin and mannose-binding protein-associated sserine protease 2 levels and infection in very-low-birth-weight infants","volume":"84","author":"Hartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2012.03714.x","article-title":"Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia and MBL2 and IL1-RN polymorphisms","volume":"54","author":"Cakmak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05238-z","article-title":"Global, regional and national trends in the burden of neonatal respiratory failure and essentials of its diagnosis and management from 1992 to 2022: a scoping review","volume":"183","author":"Tochie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101374","article-title":"Respiratory distress syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in late preterm births","volume":"5","author":"Berger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/478412","article-title":"MBL2 genotypes and their associations with MBL levels and NICU morbidity in a cohort of Greek neonates","volume":"2015","author":"Speletas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000291487","article-title":"Mannose-binding lectin polymorphism and early neonatal outcome in preterm infants","volume":"98","author":"Koroglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199901000-00004","article-title":"Complement and contact activation related to surfactant response in respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Wagner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-865021","article-title":"Complement 4 levels as early predictors of poor response to surfactant therapy in respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"22","author":"T\u00fcrker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000463203","article-title":"Complement function and the synthesis of lung surfactant may be a regulation which preterm infants have in common","volume":"8","author":"Miyano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Complement Inflamm"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01681","article-title":"Essential role of complement in pregnancy: from implantation to parturition and beyond","volume":"11","author":"Girardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13681","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a novel human collectin from liver (CL-L1)","volume":"274","author":"Ohtani","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03868.x","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel human collectin CL-K1","volume":"50","author":"Keshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01757","article-title":"CL-L1 and CL-K1 exhibit widespread tissue distribution with high and co-localized expression in secretory epithelia and mucosa","volume":"9","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136330","article-title":"Association between mannose binding protein deficiency and recurrent miscarriage","volume":"10","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108815","article-title":"Differential expression of collectins in human placenta and role in inflammation during spontaneous labor","volume":"9","author":"Yadav","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1463651\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T04:42:27Z","timestamp":1728621747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1463651\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1463651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1463651","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"article-number":"1463651"}}