{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T10:23:45Z","timestamp":1793701425546,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endotoxemia is a common issue for patients with biliary obstruction. The lung is the most affected organ by endotoxins. Exercise training can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation and resveratrol has biological effects similar to exercise. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of exercise preconditioning, resveratrol, and their\u00a0combination on LPS-induced lung injury and mortality in rats with obstructive jaundice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endotoxemia was simulated in rats by common bile duct ligation (CBDL) and intraperitoneal injection of low-dose LPS. The treatment groups were pretreated with exercise and\/or resveratrol to assess their effects on lung injury and mortality. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were subsequently used to evaluate the impact of exercise and\/or resveratrol on inflammation in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that even in the early stages, compared to sham-LPS rats, low-dose LPS induced excessive systemic inflammatory responses in CBDL rats, as evidenced by a significant increase in TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6, severe lung inflammation, lung injury, and higher mortality rates, indicating that cholestasis increased rats\u2019 susceptibility to endotoxins. Exercise training reduced neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of model rats and IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Both exercise training and resveratrol exhibited synergistic effects in reducing macrophage accumulation in lung tissues, lowering TNF-\u03b1  and IL-6 levels in the lungs, and decreasing TNF-\u03b1  concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Additionally, exercise and combined interventions both significantly increased the expression of IL-10. The interventions induced a marked improvement in lung tissue pathological damage and lung edema in model rats and prolonged the survival time of rats with obstructive jaundice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that exercise preconditioning and\/or resveratrol can significantly reduce rats\u2019 susceptibility to endotoxins after CBDL and alleviate lung injuries through their anti-inflammatory effects, thereby decreasing the mortality risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1466615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T05:10:07Z","timestamp":1734498607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exercise preconditioning and resveratrol reduce the susceptibility of rats with obstructive jaundice to endotoxin and alleviate lung 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