{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:37:32Z","timestamp":1790645852888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> is a commensal skin bacterium that is involved in bone prosthesis infections (BPIs) and presents low-grade clinical symptoms. <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> has been thought to escape the immune system at bone sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study was carried out on a laboratory strain and two BPI-related clinical strains, one of which surprisingly induced clinical symptoms of inflammation in the patient. We investigated the ability of these <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> strains to trigger <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> human primary neutrophils (PMN) response through inflammatory mediators measurements (antibody arrays, ELISA, RT-qPCR, zymography) and activation status assessment (flow cytometry), and to induce <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> PMN recruitment from the bloodstream in mice air-pouch model. PMN-mediated inflammation was also studied in an original <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model mimetic of an infected bone site that combine titanium alloy, human primary osteoblasts, human primary neutrophils and <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated for the first time that both <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> planktonic and biofilm cultures, triggered an effective immune response by neutrophils <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and their recruitment <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. This host response was enhanced when using a strain from a patient with inflammatory signs. In an original infected prosthesis mimetic model, osteoblasts and neutrophils were able to detect <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>, but their response to the clinical <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> inflammatory strain decreased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work provides the first evidence showing that the immune cell response to pathogenic <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> may be tuned by nonimmune cells at the infected site, such as osteoblasts, which may promote bacterial persistence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1468709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T06:41:59Z","timestamp":1732689719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cutibacterium acnes strains associated with bone prosthesis infections cannot evade the host immune system"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Thoraval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Tang-Fichaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Guillaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Varin-Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Dumortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Sergheraert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Lamret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Bonhomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Josse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie C.","family":"Gangloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Mongaret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fany","family":"Reffuveille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Velard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15043","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates","author":"Dr\u00e9no","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/804391","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated pathogen in implant-associated infections","volume":"2013","author":"Portillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.05.030","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes prosthetic joint infection: Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"104","author":"Boisrenoult","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6042.167957","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes infection after shoulder surgery","volume":"9","author":"Kadler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Shoulder Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000168","article-title":"Epidemiology and new developments in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection","volume":"35","author":"Corvec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13190","article-title":"Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. 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