{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:47:27Z","timestamp":1793296047073,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32102007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the impact of <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> Lp05 (Lp05) on the gastrointestinal microbiome and pathophysiological status of mice infected with <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>), exploring its potential as a probiotic treatment for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, the interaction between Lp05 and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> was analyzed using laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, C57BL\/6 mice infected with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> were treated with Lp05 and divided into six groups: control, model, quadruple therapy, and three dosage levels of Lp05 (2\u00d710<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>, 2\u00d710<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>, 2\u00d710<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> CFU\/mouse\/day). Over six weeks, the impact of Lp05 on the gastrointestinal microbiome and physiological markers was assessed. Measurements included digestive enzymes (\u03b1-amylase, pepsin, cellulase), inflammatory markers (interleukin-17A, interleukin-23, interleukin-10, interferon-\u03b2, interferon-\u03b3, FoxP3, endothelin, IP-10, TGF-\u03b21), oxidative stress markers (catalase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase), and tissue pathology (via modified Warthin-Starry silver and H&amp;amp;E staining). Microbial community structure in the stomach and intestines was evaluated through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> studies showed Lp05 and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> formed co-aggregates, with Lp05 potentially disrupting <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> cell structure, reducing its stomach colonization. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, Lp05 significantly lowered gastric mucosal urease activity and serum <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-IgG antibody levels in infected mice (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). It also mitigated pathological changes in the stomach and duodenum, decreased inflammatory responses (ET, IL-17A, IL-23, TGF-beta1, and IP-10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01 for all), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) while reducing MDA and MPO levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01), combating oxidative stress from <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Lp05 treatment significantly modified the intestinal and gastric microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria like <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ligilactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, and decreasing harmful bacteria such as <jats:italic>Olsenella<\/jats:italic>, linked to pathological conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lp05 effectively modulates the gastrointestinal microbiome, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and suppresses <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>, promising for probiotic therapies with further research needed to refine its clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1469885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T05:10:31Z","timestamp":1737090631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Enhancement of host defense against Helicobacter 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