{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:04:42Z","timestamp":1785179082450,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous group of cell-derived, membrane-enclosed vesicles bearing cell-specific epitopes, have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in neuronal-glial communication and the orchestration of neuroinflammatory processes. However, the existing evidence regarding their function as biomarkers and their role in the pathobiology of traumatic spinal cord injuries (tSCI), particularly in humans, is scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary goal of this study was to investigate whether a distinct pattern of EV surface epitopes detected in the plasma of individuals suffering from spinal cord injury is indicative of tSCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study includes patients with isolated tSCI (n=8), polytrauma patients without tSCI (PT; ISS \u226516, n=8), and healthy volunteers (HV; n=8). Plasma samples from tSCI and PT patients were collected right after admission to the emergency room (ER), 24 hours (24h), and 48h after trauma. EVs were isolated via size exclusion chromatography, and EVs\u2019 surface epitopes were quantified with MACSPlex EV Kit Neuro (prototype product, Miltenyi Biotec) and compared among the groups. Additionally, results were correlated with clinical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 19 epitopes differed significantly between the tSCI and the HV groups. Out of these 19, four (CD47, CD56, CD68, and ADAM17) were found to differ significantly among tSCI and PT groups. The expression of the CD47 epitope was found to correlate positively with the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified four potential EV-based tSCI biomarkers (CD47+, CD56+, CD68+, and ADAM17+ EVs) that differ in tSCI, with CD47+ EVs showing a strong correlation with the neurological function in tSCI. Thus, future studies might further specify the relevance of potential tSCI-specific biomarkers and investigate underlying mechanisms of tSCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T06:37:36Z","timestamp":1732689456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extracellular vesicles epitopes as potential biomarker candidates in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jason-Alexander","family":"H\u00f6rauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora Rebecca","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Schaible","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"El Saman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Pallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Widera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liudmila","family":"Leppik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"International perspectives on spinal cord injury\/edited by Jerome Bickenbach \u2026 [et al]","author":"Bickenbach","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211031190","article-title":"Direct cost of illness for spinal cord injury: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Malekzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7413","article-title":"Blood\u2013spinal cord barrier in spinal cord injury: A review","volume":"38","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02623-7","article-title":"Focus on challenges and advances in the treatment of traumatic brain injury","volume":"52","author":"Schindler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17018","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"3","author":"Ahuja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10020030","article-title":"Secondary mechanisms of neurotrauma: A closer look at the evidence","volume":"10","author":"Aghili-Mehrizi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0319-8","article-title":"Neurochemical biomarkers in spinal cord injury","volume":"57","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000096644.08735.72","article-title":"Effects of head\u00a0and extracranial injuries on serum protein S100B levels in trauma patients","volume":"56","author":"Savola","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma: Injury Infect Crit Care"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000168876.68154.43","article-title":"Nonspecific increase of systemic neuron-specific enolase after trauma: clinical and experimental findings","volume":"24","author":"Pelinka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.FOCUS17396","article-title":"Update on critical care for acute spinal cord injury in the setting of polytrauma","volume":"43","author":"Yue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.01.003","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as an emerging frontier in spinal cord injury pathobiology and therapy","volume":"44","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-021-01607-1","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as mediators and markers of acute organ injury: current concepts","volume":"48","author":"Weber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-013118-111902","article-title":"Exosomes","volume":"88","author":"Pegtel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5049","article-title":"Exacerbation of acute traumatic brain injury by circulating extracellular vesicles","volume":"35","author":"Hazelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5515","article-title":"Severe traumatic brain injury induces early changes in the physical properties and protein composition of intracranial extracellular vesicles","volume":"36","author":"Kuhari\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2016.02.001","article-title":"Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes: current perspectives and future challenges","volume":"6","author":"Ha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03088-8","article-title":"The importance of using exosome-loaded miRNA for the treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"60","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02723","article-title":"Systemic immune response to traumatic CNS injuries\u2014Are extracellular vesicles the missing link","volume":"10","author":"Yates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46292\/sci2702-1","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Rupp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Topics Spinal Cord Injury Rehabil"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115645","article-title":"Development of a sampling and storage protocol of extracellular vesicles (EVs)\u2014Establishment of the first EV biobank for polytraumatized patients","volume":"25","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1107150","article-title":"Release of exosomes in polytraumatized patients: The injury pattern is reflected by the surface epitopes","volume":"14","author":"Weber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1347767","article-title":"Identification of novel blood-based extracellular vesicles biomarker candidates with potential specificity for traumatic brain injury in polytrauma patients","volume":"15","author":"Schindler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P313, cc14393","DOI":"10.1186\/cc14393","article-title":"Endogenous microparticles drive the proinflammatory host immune response in severely injured trauma patients","volume":"19","author":"Curry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183640","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183640","article-title":"Changes in the pattern of plasma extracellular vesicles after severe trauma","volume":"12","author":"Kuravi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29338","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.29338","article-title":"Microvesicle phenotypes are associated with transfusion requirements and mortality in subjects with severe injuries","volume":"4","author":"Matijevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicle"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01111-7","article-title":"Microparticles profiling in trauma patients: high level of microparticles induce activation of platelets in vitro","volume":"46","author":"Caspers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(03)00064-1","article-title":"Endothelial cells release phenotypically and quantitatively distinct microparticles in activation and apoptosis","volume":"109","author":"Jimenez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200701029","article-title":"Comparative proteomic analysis of PAI-1 and TNF-alpha-derived endothelial microparticles","volume":"8","author":"Peterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404132","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell-derived microvesicles reprogram hematopoietic progenitors: evidence for horizontal transfer of mRNA and protein delivery","volume":"20","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000437","article-title":"Low level of procoagulant platelet microparticles is associated with impaired coagulation and transfusion requirements in trauma patients","volume":"77","author":"Windel\u00f8v","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-01976-1","article-title":"Focus on biomarkers, confounders and new therapeutic approaches in trauma","volume":"48","author":"Henrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1084101","article-title":"Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies","volume":"13","author":"Sterner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00885-4","article-title":"Temporal and spatial cellular and molecular pathological alterations with single-cell resolution in the adult spinal cord after injury","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02388-5","article-title":"Traumatic inflammatory response: pathophysiological role and clinical value of cytokines","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02337-2","article-title":"Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration","volume":"18","author":"Hellenbrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"83","article-title":"CD47 (Cluster of differentiation 47)","volume":"25","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120142","article-title":"The interaction between signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP\u03b1) and CD47: structure, function, and therapeutic target","volume":"32","author":"Barclay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-24","article-title":"Myelin down-regulates myelin phagocytosis by microglia and macrophages through interactions between CD47 on myelin and SIRP\u03b1 (signal regulatory protein-\u03b1) on phagocytes","volume":"8","author":"Gitik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02929-0","article-title":"Deletion of CD47 from Schwann cells and macrophages hastens myelin disruption\/dismantling and scavenging in Schwann cells and augments myelin debris phagocytosis in macrophages","volume":"20","author":"Gitik","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101974","article-title":"Janus-like opposing roles of CD47 in autoimmune brain inflammation in humans and mice","volume":"209","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.936951","article-title":"Construction of exosomes that overexpress CD47 and evaluation of their immune escape","volume":"10","author":"Ben","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-152451","article-title":"Suppression of extracellular vesicle CD47 induces systemic anti-DLBCL immunity","volume":"138","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00892","article-title":"CD56 in the immune system: more than a marker for cytotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Van Acker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74:105722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105722","article-title":"Elevated plasma BDNF levels are correlated with NK cell activation in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57346","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57346","article-title":"CD56 regulates human NK cell cytotoxicity through Pyk2","volume":"9","author":"Gunesch","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ar64","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E23-12-0463","article-title":"CD56\/NCAM mediates cell migration of human NK cells by promoting integrin-mediated adhesion turnover","volume":"35","author":"Martinez","year":"2024","journal-title":"MBoC"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101988","article-title":"Immune surveillance properties of human NK cell-derived exosomes","volume":"189","author":"Lugini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-01-0220","article-title":"ICAM-1 on exosomes from mature dendritic cells is critical for efficient naive T-cell priming","volume":"106","author":"Segura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.08.021","article-title":"Immune depression syndrome following human spinal cord injury (SCI): A pilot study","volume":"158","author":"Riegger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5519","article-title":"Persons with chronic spinal cord injury have decreased natural killer cell and increased toll-like receptor\/inflammatory gene expression","volume":"35","author":"Herman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.79.2.371","article-title":"Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. III. Relationship of the surface molecule CAM to cell adhesion and the development of histotypic patterns","volume":"79","author":"Rutishauser","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.03.023","article-title":"NCAM-mediated locomotor recovery from spinal cord contusion injury involves neuroprotection, axon regeneration, and synaptogenesis","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.89008","article-title":"Exosomes derived from CD271 + CD56 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell subpopoulation identified by single-cell RNA sequencing promote axon regeneration after spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80187-7","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody EBM11 (Anti-CD68) discriminates between dendritic cells and macrophages after short-term culture","volume":"183","author":"Betjes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.04.007","article-title":"Staining of HLA-DR, Iba1 and CD68 in human microglia reveals partially overlapping expression depending on cellular morphology and pathology","volume":"309","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e055371","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.055371","article-title":"Characterizing blood-based, microglial derived exosomes (MDEs) as biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Winston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12022","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12022","article-title":"Microglial derived extracellular vesicles activate autophagy and mediate multi-target signaling to maintain cellular homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Van Den Broek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicle"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02049-1","article-title":"Detrimental and protective action of microglial extracellular vesicles on myelin lesions: astrocyte involvement in remyelination failure","volume":"138","author":"Lombardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226584","article-title":"Prolonged inflammation leads to ongoing damage after spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Kwiecien","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000395","article-title":"Impact of injury severity on dynamic inflammation networks following blunt trauma","volume":"44","author":"Almahmoud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040944","article-title":"Strategies to target ADAM17 in disease: from its discovery to the iRhom revolution","volume":"26","author":"Calligaris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3395","article-title":"and metalloprotease 17 promotes microglial cell survival via epidermal growth factor receptor signalling following spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.466","article-title":"ADAM17 is a survival factor for microglial cells in vitro and in vivo after spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"4","author":"Vidal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.038679","article-title":"[amp]]beta;1 integrins are required for normal CNS myelination and promote AKT-dependent myelin outgrowth","volume":"136","author":"Barros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2013.12.018","article-title":"Glycosylation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 affects its activity and inhibition","volume":"449","author":"Chavaroche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9938","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189938","article-title":"Cellular integrin \u03b15\u03b21 and exosomal ADAM17 mediate the binding and uptake of exosomes produced by colorectal carcinoma cells","volume":"22","author":"Carde\u00f1es","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33350","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033350","article-title":"A disintegrin and metalloenzyme (ADAM) 17 activation is regulated by \u03b15\u03b21 integrin in kidney mesangial cells","volume":"7","author":"Gooz","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-02200-w","article-title":"Trends in polytrauma incidence among major trauma admissions","volume":"50","author":"Hardy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0589-3","article-title":"Is there an association between female gender and outcome in severe trauma? A multi-center analysis in the Netherlands","volume":"27","author":"Pape","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478786\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T10:31:49Z","timestamp":1733394709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478786\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478786","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"article-number":"1478786"}}