{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T18:40:10Z","timestamp":1784140810632,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been previously demonstrated that intestinal barrier damage is one of the underlying mechanisms leading to frailty in non-HIV-infected aging populations. However, there is a paucity of direct evidence which demonstrates the association between intestinal barrier damage and frailty in people living with HIV (PLWH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study is a retrospective case control study. Participants older than 50 years old were stratified into a frail\/pre-frail group (case group) and non-frail group (control group) according to the Fried frailty phenotype. We collected and curated data concerning socio-demographic variables, psychological states and social functioning, and clinical information associated with the identification of biomarkers of intestinal barrier damage, microbial translocation, and levels of inflammatory cytokines of participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The case group had significantly higher levels of Reg-3\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.042) and I-FABP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.045) compared to the control group. We further observed, after adjusting for confounding factors by logistic regression analysis, that I-FABP levels remained significantly higher in the case group compared to the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.033). Also, Fried Phenotype scores positively correlated with I-FABP levels (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>=0.21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01), LPS levels (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>=0.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.02), and sCD14 levels (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>=0.18, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.04). Moreover, the study confirmed both the positive correlation between inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IP-10) with frailty in aging PLWH, and between inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and IP-10) with biomarkers of intestinal barrier dysfunction in older PLWH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study indicates that the inflammation induced by intestinal barrier damage\/dysfunction is likely to contribute to frailty in aging PLWH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1480083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T04:35:57Z","timestamp":1729830957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intestinal barrier damage contributes to a higher prevalence of frailty in aging people living with HIV: a retrospective case control study in a Chinese 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