{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:15:46Z","timestamp":1787026546172,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by monocytes and macrophages contributes significantly to the efficacy of many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including anti-CD20 rituximab (RTX) targeting CD20\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). However, ADCP is constrained by various immune checkpoints, notably the anti-phagocytic CD47 molecule, necessitating strategies to overcome this resistance. We have previously shown that the IgG2 isotype of RTX induces CD20-mediated apoptosis in B-cell lymphoma cells and, when combined with RTX-IgG1 or RTX-IgG3 mAbs, can significantly enhance Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Here, we report that the apoptotic effect of RTX-IgG2 on lymphoma cells contributes to changes in the tumor cell\u2019s CD47 profile by reducing its overall expression and altering its surface distribution. Furthermore, when RTX-IgG2 is combined with other lymphoma-targeting mAbs, such as anti-CD59 or anti-PD-L1, it significantly enhances the ADCP of lymphoma cells compared to single mAb treatment. In summary, RTX-IgG2 acts as a potent phagocytic enhancer by promoting Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis through apoptosis and reduction of CD47 in CD20\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    malignant B-cells. RTX-IgG2 represents a valuable therapeutic component in enhancing the effectiveness of different mAbs targeting B-cell NHL.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1483617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T01:51:50Z","timestamp":1733449910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rituximab-IgG2 is a phagocytic enhancer in antibody-based immunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma by altering CD47 expression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Oanh T. 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