{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:59:33Z","timestamp":1753891173964,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare and severe post-COVID-19 complication with multiple phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to study inflammatory biomarkers (cytokines and oxidative stress) in critical MIS-C patients and to observe if there is association between these biomarkers and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single-center prospective study enrolled patients with MIS-C (with positive molecular test), aged between 1 month and 18 years of age. Data was collected from 20 pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)\u2019s bed. Inflammatory biomarkers (cytokines and oxidative stress markers) were performed on day 1 and 3 after hospitalization. Survival rate was calculated, and Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted. The ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 41 patients out of 109 patients admitted at PICU with suspected MIS-C during the study period were included, of which 33 (80.5%) were male, 9 (22%) were under one year old, and 30 (73.2%) presented comorbidities. Among them, 16 (39%) did not survive. The mean survival time was shorter in patients with higher levels of IL-17A (\u2265 19.71 pg\/mL) on day 1 (115 vs 323 days, p = 0.004). Higher levels of IL-17A on day 1 were associated with mortality in both the crude model (HR 1.03, CI95% 1.004-1.057, p = 0.022) and the adjusted model (HR 1.043, CI95% 1.013-1.075, p = 0.012). ROC analysis revealed a cut-off value for the IL-17A of 14.32 pg\/ml. The other immunological and inflammatory markers did not demonstrate an association with survival (p&amp;gt;0.05). Our findings suggest that patients with high levels of IL-17A are at greater risk for death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1485009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T06:43:19Z","timestamp":1737960199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasma IL-17A is increased in patients with critical MIS-C and associated to in-hospital mortality"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Emmerson C. F.","family":"de Farias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana M. P. P. do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel J. C.","family":"Pav\u00e3o Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalila C. A.","family":"Pav\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana P. S.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreza H. O.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia C. B.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00edssila M. M. M.","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larisse F. Q.","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luana G.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayara M. M.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaelle J. D.","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphaella R.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara M. P.","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela C. L.","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Railana D. F. P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiane T. C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla M. A. das","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce C. L. dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana M. B.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leda L.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary L. F. M. F.","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia B.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata de B.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathia de O.","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria C. A.","family":"Justino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iran B.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Brasil-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gleice","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Terreri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","year":"2020","key":"B1"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31094-1","article-title":"Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"395","author":"Riphagen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"volume-title":"Guidance: Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19","year":"2020","key":"B3"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"BRIEF, Scientific. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents temporally related to COVID-19","volume-title":"2020","author":"Freedman","year":""},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-022-00237-4","article-title":"Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): a Brazilian cohort","volume":"62","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.06.002","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children: subphenotypes, risk factors, biomarkers, cytokine profiles, and viral sequencing","volume":"237","author":"DeBiasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab285","article-title":"Distinct cytokine and chemokine dysregulation in hospitalized children with acute coronavirus disease 2019 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome with similar levels of nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shedding","volume":"224","author":"Akindele","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11070946","article-title":"Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Abo-Haded","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1724101","article-title":"Cytokine profile in children with severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to the coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"11","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rubio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Intensive Care"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofac070","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac070","article-title":"Serologic and cytokine signatures in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"9","author":"Lapp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.016","article-title":"The immunology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19","volume":"183","author":"Consiglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0367-5","article-title":"Understanding SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children","volume":"20","author":"Rowley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.04.019","article-title":"Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection","volume":"51","author":"Delgado-Roche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.02.012","article-title":"DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality of patients with COVID-19","volume":"361","author":"Lorente","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112836","article-title":"Pediatric multisystem syndrome associated with SARS-coV-2 (MIS-C): the interplay of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Perrone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.723654","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following SARS-coV-2 infection: role of oxidative stress","volume":"12","author":"Graciano-Machuca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.941009","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and long COVID: the SARS-coV-2 viral superantigen hypothesis","volume":"13","author":"Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081609","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms related to responses to oxidative stress and antioxidative therapies in COVID-19: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Tsermpini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27640","article-title":"Oxidative stress and decreased Nrf2 level in pediatric patients with COVID-19","volume":"94","author":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0369","article-title":"Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Henry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79595-2","article-title":"Neonatal hyperoxia enhances age-dependent expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in mice","volume":"10","author":"Yee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100723","article-title":"Mild SARS-CoV-2 infections in children might be based on evolutionary biology and linked with host reactive oxidative stress and antioxidant capabilities","volume":"36","author":"Keles","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2433","article-title":"Executive summary: criteria for critical care of infants and children: PICU admission, discharge, and triage practice statement and levels of care guidance","volume":"144","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000126124.41743.86","article-title":"Endpoints in sepsis trials: More than just 28-day mortality","volume":"32","author":"Vincent","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052888B","article-title":"Pediatric organ dysfunction information update (PODIUM) contemporary organ dysfunction criteria: executive summary","volume":"149","author":"Bembea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003161","article-title":"Definition, incidence, and epidemiology of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: from the second pediatric acute lung injury consensus conference","volume":"24","author":"Yehya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002198","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children","volume":"21","author":"Weis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6","article-title":"International Consensus Conference on Pediatric Sepsis. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics","volume":"6","author":"Goldstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199","article-title":"Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Feudtner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.09.001","article-title":"Guidelines and standards for performance of a pediatric echocardiogram: A report from the task force of the pediatric council of the american society of echocardiography","volume":"19","author":"Lai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000901","article-title":"Pediatric basic and advanced life support collaborators. Part 4: pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 american heart association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"142","author":"Topjian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.33.10.481","article-title":"Chronic immunosuppression","volume":"33","author":"Schnepp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Review"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/s0076-6879(99)01068-x","article-title":"Measuring nitric oxide production in human clinical studies","volume":"301","author":"Granger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"7","article-title":"Dosagem das LDLs modificadas atrav\u00e9s da peroxida\u00e7\u00e3o lip\u00eddica: correla\u00e7\u00e3o com o risco aterog\u00eanico (Measurement of LDLs modified through lipid peroxidation: correlation with atherogenic risk)","volume":"13","author":"Perc\u00e1rio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anais M\u00e9dicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"292","article-title":"On a new aerobic metabolite whose production by brain is inhibited by apomorphine, emetine, ergotamine, epinephrine, and menadione","volume":"82","author":"Kohn","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1423-9","article-title":"Serum antioxidant levels in wild birds vary in relation to diet, season, life history strategy, and species","volume":"161","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determina\u00e7\u00e3o da atividade antioxidante total em frutas pela captura do radical livre DPPH (Determination of Total Antioxidant Activity in Fruits by Capture of the Free Radical DPPH)","volume":"127","author":"Rufino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comunicado T\u00e9cnico Embrapa"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0891-5849(98)00315-3","article-title":"Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay","volume":"26","author":"Re","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(91)90067-m","article-title":"A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range","volume":"196","author":"G\u00f3th","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.03.025","article-title":"Phenol and catechol induce prehemolytic and hemolytic changes in human erythrocytes","volume":"152","author":"Bukowska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6","article-title":"Tissue sulfhydryl groups","volume":"82","author":"Ellman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2006000300006","article-title":"Glutathione and the redox control system trypanothione\/trypanothione reductase are involved in the protection of Leishmania spp. against nitrosothiol-induced cytotoxicity","volume":"39","author":"Rom\u00e3o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1054-6","article-title":"Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141113","article-title":"Distinct clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2\u2013induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.003","article-title":"Immune dysregulation and autoreactivity correlate with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children","volume":"54","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.08.002","article-title":"A monocyte\/dendritic cell molecular signature of SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with severe myocarditis","volume":"2","author":"de Cevins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140970","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19 are distinct presentations of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"130","author":"Diorio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.034","article-title":"Mapping systemic inflammation and antibody responses in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)","volume":"183","author":"Gruber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05780-x","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of 76 patients with COVID-19-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children","volume":"40","author":"Haslak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01585-1","article-title":"New insight into the intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children and adults","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002285","article-title":"Why and how is hyperferritinemic sepsis different from sepsis without hyperferritinemia","volume":"21","author":"Carcillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B52","unstructured":"Serum Ferritin Concentrations for the Assessment of Iron Status and Iron Deficiency in Populations. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System\n          \n          \n          \n          2011"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02263-w","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management","volume":"93","author":"Molloy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.e48","article-title":"High levels of interferon gamma in the plasma of children with complete interferon gamma receptor deficiency","volume":"107","author":"Fieschi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20255","article-title":"An interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients","volume":"75","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2011.11.004","article-title":"Immune defects in active mycobacterial diseases in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs)","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039","article-title":"HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"48","author":"Henter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-016-0262-7","article-title":"Comparison of Th1\/Th2 cytokine profiles between primary and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07298.x","article-title":"Early diagnostic and prognostic significance of a specific Th1\/Th2 cytokine pattern in children with haemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209020","article-title":"Elevated circulating levels of interferon-\u03b3 and interferon-\u03b3-induced chemokines characterize patients with macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Bracaglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medine.2020.10.007","article-title":"High serum nitrates levels in non-survivor COVID-19 patients","volume":"46","author":"Lorente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Intensiva (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02743-8","article-title":"Thiol level and total oxidant\/antioxidant status in patients with COVID-19 infection","volume":"191","author":"\u00c7ak\u0131rca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1249582","article-title":"Mechanisms of redox balance and inflammatory response after the use of methylprednisolone in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Krasic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710","article-title":"IL-17 and th17 cells","volume":"27","author":"Korn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2016.0088","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk association between interleukin-17A and F gene polymorphisms and inflammatory diseases","volume":"37","author":"Eskandari-Nasab","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S136592","article-title":"Th17 profile in COPD exacerbations","volume":"12","author":"Ponce-Gallegos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-01990-8","article-title":"IL-17A plays a critical role in RSV infection in children and mice","volume":"20","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.01.008","article-title":"Role of interleukin-17 in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"107","author":"Mora-Ru\u00edz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065711","article-title":"Immunology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome after COVID-19 in children: A review of the current evidence","volume":"24","author":"Filippatos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03817.x","article-title":"Characteristics of plasma NOx levels in severe sepsis: high interindividual variability and correlation with illness severity, but lack of correlation with cortisol levels","volume":"73","author":"Ho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.026","article-title":"Do the oxidative stress biomarkers predict COVID-19 outcome? An in-hospital cohort study","volume":"207","author":"Neves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165323","article-title":"The impact of severe COVID-19 on plasma antioxidants","volume":"27","author":"\u017darkovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070624","article-title":"The role of glutathione in protecting against the severe inflammatory response triggered by COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Silvagno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06271-4","article-title":"Biomarkers in the ICU: less is more? No","volume":"47","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkArchPediatr.2023.21363","article-title":"The protective effects of pyridoxine on linezolid-induced hematological toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"58","author":"Kendir-Demirkol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"B76","unstructured":"CDC COVID Data Tracker: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)"},{"key":"B77","unstructured":"CDC COVID Data Tracker: Total Cases and Deaths by Race\/Ethnicity, Age, and Sex"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0630","article-title":"Trends in geographic and temporal distribution of US children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"175","author":"Belay","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1485009\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T06:43:26Z","timestamp":1737960206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1485009\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1485009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1485009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-3224"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"article-number":"1485009"}}