{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:15:46Z","timestamp":1787026546371,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007379","name":"Fondation pour l'Aide \u00e1 la Recherche sur la Scl\u00e9rose en Plaques","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020827","name":"Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myeloid cells trafficking from the periphery to the central nervous system are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS) through antigen presentation, cytokine secretion and repair processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combination of mass cytometry on blood cells from 60 MS patients at diagnosis and 29 healthy controls, along with single cell RNA sequencing on paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 5 MS patients were used for myeloid cells detailing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myeloid compartment study demonstrated an enrichment of a peculiar classical monocyte population in 22% of MS patients at the time of diagnosis. Notably, this patients\u2019 subgroup exhibited a more aggressive disease phenotype two years post-diagnosis. This monocytic population, detected in both the CSF and blood, was characterized by CD206, CD209, CCR5 and CCR2 expression, and was found to be more frequent in MS patients carrying the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele. Furthermore, pathways analysis predicted that these cells had antigen presentation capabilities coupled with pro-inflammatory phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, these results point toward the amplification of a specific and pathogenic myeloid cell subset in MS patients with genetic susceptibilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1494842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T03:14:51Z","timestamp":1736306091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Blood immunophenotyping of multiple sclerosis patients at diagnosis identifies a classical monocyte subset associated to disease evolution"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Couloume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Ferrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Vince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Mandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Monvoisin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Le Gallou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayane S. B.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Bourguiba-Hachemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Laplaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Zephir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kerbrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Edan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Lepage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Thouvenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelie","family":"Ruet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Mathey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Antoine","family":"Gourraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Tarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Delaloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Am\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25508","article-title":"Induction of brain-infiltrating T-bet\u2013expressing B cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"86","author":"van Langelaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.11.018","article-title":"Stem-like intestinal Th17 cells give rise to pathogenic effector T cells during autoimmunity","volume":"184","author":"Schnell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.020","article-title":"Bone marrow hematopoiesis drives multiple sclerosis progression","volume":"185","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01117-7","article-title":"IFN\u03b3 and GM-CSF control complementary differentiation programs in the monocyte-to-phagocyte transition during neuroinflammation","volume":"23","author":"Amorim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.01.002","article-title":"Interleukin-17A serves a priming role in autoimmunity by recruiting IL-1\u03b2-producing myeloid cells that promote pathogenic T cells","volume":"52","author":"McGinley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501960","article-title":"Pivotal role for CD16+ Monocytes in immune surveillance of the central nervous system","volume":"196","author":"Waschbisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp144","article-title":"CCR2+Ly-6Chi monocytes are crucial for the effector phase of autoimmunity in the central nervous system","volume":"132","author":"Mildner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adc9778","article-title":"A single-cell analysis framework allows for characterization of CSF leukocytes and their tissue of origin in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Ostkamp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm295","article-title":"The blood\u2013brain barrier induces differentiation of migrating monocytes into Th17-polarizing dendritic cells","volume":"131","author":"Ifergan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2199-08.2009","article-title":"Intracerebral dendritic cells critically modulate encephalitogenic versus regulatory immune responses in the CNS","volume":"29","author":"Zozulya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02779","article-title":"Monocytes and monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells have distinct gene signatures in experimental model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Monaghan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0212-3","article-title":"Mononuclear phagocytes locally specify and adapt their phenotype in a multiple sclerosis model","volume":"21","author":"Locatelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2011.00495.x","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells limit the inflammation by promoting T lymphocyte apoptosis in the spinal cord of a murine model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Molin\u00e9-Vel\u00e1zquez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2887","article-title":"Infiltrating monocytes trigger EAE progression, but do not contribute to the resident microglia pool","volume":"14","author":"Ajami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18543-z","article-title":"Innate IFN-\u03b3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and promotes myeloid expansion and PDL-1 expression","volume":"8","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7554","article-title":"Single-cell profiling identifies myeloid cell subsets with distinct fates during neuroinflammation","volume":"363","author":"Jord\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000908","article-title":"Laquinimod dampens IL-1\u03b2 signaling and Th17-polarizing capacity of monocytes in patients with MS","volume":"8","author":"Engel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol - Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044397","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Polman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22519","article-title":"Role of ninjurin-1 in the migration of myeloid cells to central nervous system inflammatory lesions","volume":"70","author":"Ifergan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00594","article-title":"Expansion of neutrophils and classical and nonclassical monocytes as a hallmark in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Haschka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103003","article-title":"Cross-sectional analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in lymphopenic and non-lymphopenic relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.819136","article-title":"Immunological subsets characterization in newly diagnosed relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577433","article-title":"Alterations in peripheral blood monocyte and dendritic cell subset homeostasis in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"350","author":"Monteiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.1025","article-title":"Subsets of activated monocytes and markers of inflammation in incipient and progressed multiple sclerosis","volume":"96","author":"Gjelstrup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02593-x","article-title":"Central and peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells are closely related to the clinical severity of multiple sclerosis","volume":"146","author":"Ortega","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1305176","article-title":"Neutrophil\/lymphocyte and monocyte\/lymphocyte indexes as potential predictors of relapse at 1 year after diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis: a single-center, exploratory and proof-of-concept study","volume":"17","author":"Palavra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518815602","article-title":"Observatoire Fran\u00e7ais de la Scl\u00e9rose en Plaques (OFSEP): A unique multimodal nationwide MS registry in France","volume":"26","author":"Vukusic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104872","article-title":"The biological sample collection of the OFSEP French MS registry: An essential tool dedicated to researchers","volume":"77","author":"Brocard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.8.671","article-title":"EDMUS, a European database for multiple sclerosis","volume":"55","author":"Confavreux","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2020.01.083","article-title":"New OFSEP recommendations for MRI assessment of multiple sclerosis patients: Special consideration for gadolinium deposition and frequent acquisitions","volume":"47","author":"Brisset","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1060-2_6","article-title":"High-dimensional phenotyping of human myeloid-derived suppressor cells\/tumor-associated macrophages in tissue by mass cytometry","volume":"2236","author":"Ferrant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol Clifton NJ"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100291","article-title":"Comparative immune profiling of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"2","author":"Roussel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653577","article-title":"Mass cytometry identifies expansion of T-bet+ B cells and CD206+ Monocytes in early multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Couloume","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02003-w","article-title":"Recovery of missing single-cell RNA-sequencing data with optimized transcriptomic references","volume":"20","author":"Pool","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.041","article-title":"RNA-seq signatures normalized by mRNA abundance allow absolute deconvolution of human immune cell types","volume":"26","author":"Monaco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","article-title":"Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008","article-title":"Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools","volume":"10","author":"Danecek","year":"2021","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03205-y","article-title":"Sequencing of 53,831 diverse genomes from the NHLBI TOPMed Program","volume":"590","author":"Taliun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22323","article-title":"Aggregation of multiple sclerosis genetic risk variants in multiple and single case families","volume":"69","author":"Gourraud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7188","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility","volume":"365","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2013.18","article-title":"HIBAG\u2013HLA genotype imputation with attribute bagging","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation","volume":"526","author":"Auton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.774916","article-title":"Approaching genetics through the MHC lens: tools and methods for HLA research","volume":"12","author":"Douillard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517690618","article-title":"Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score: Disability ranked by age","volume":"23","author":"Manouchehrinia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045466","article-title":"High-resolution transcriptome of human macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Beyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00713.x","article-title":"Expression of CD14, CD16 and CD45RA on monocytes from periodontitis patients","volume":"39","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25128","article-title":"Myeloid cell plasticity in the evolution of central nervous system autoimmunity","volume":"83","author":"Giles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14118-w","article-title":"Integrated single cell analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Schafflick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000732","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human CSF microglia and myeloid cells in neuroinflammation","volume":"7","author":"Esaulova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol - Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008523117","article-title":"A pathogenic and clonally expanded B cell transcriptome in active multiple sclerosis","volume":"117","author":"Ramesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0313168","article-title":"Opposite regulatory effects of IFN-\u03b2 and IL-3 on C-type lectin receptors, antigen uptake, and phagocytosis in human macrophages","volume":"95","author":"Cardone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-165266","article-title":"Distinctive localization of antigen-presenting cells in human lymph nodes","volume":"113","author":"Angel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.722349","article-title":"CD209\/CD14+ Dendritic cells characterization in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis patients: activation, synovial infiltration, and therapeutic targeting","volume":"12","author":"Marzaioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7303","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of the human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization: new molecules and patterns of gene expression1","volume":"177","author":"Martinez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14374","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment through the induction and accumulation of protumoral macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0522-0","article-title":"Dual polarization of human alveolar macrophages progressively increases with smoking and COPD severity","volume":"18","author":"Bazzan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5270657","article-title":"Circulating CD14+CD163+CD206+ M2 monocytes are increased in patients with early stage of idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"2018","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.666961","article-title":"Central nervous system barriers impact distribution and expression of iNOS and arginase-1 in infiltrating macrophages during neuroinflammation","volume":"12","author":"Ivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037091","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional changes in blood monocytes following adherence to endothelium","volume":"7","author":"Tso","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63017-9","article-title":"CCR1+\/CCR5+ Mononuclear phagocytes accumulate in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"159","author":"Trebst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518770019","article-title":"Deconstruction of HLA-DRB1*04:01:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:01:01 class II haplotypes using next generation sequencing in European Americans with multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Creary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler Houndmills Basingstoke Engl"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.054","article-title":"HLA-DR15 molecules jointly shape an autoreactive T cell repertoire in multiple sclerosis","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.679498","article-title":"IFN-\u03b2 Acts on monocytes to ameliorate CNS autoimmunity by inhibiting proinflammatory cross-talk between monocytes and th cells","volume":"12","author":"Rasouli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04732-5","article-title":"DNA methylation as a mediator of HLA-DRB1*15:01 and a protective variant in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Kular","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200190","article-title":"HLA-DRB1*15:01 and the MERTK gene interact to selectively influence the profile of MERTK-expressing monocytes in both health and MS","volume":"11","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1494842\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T03:14:56Z","timestamp":1736306096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1494842\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1494842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1494842","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"article-number":"1494842"}}