{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:50:43Z","timestamp":1776779443205,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose interleukin (IL-2) treatment for bullous pemphigoid (BP) caused by anti-programmed cell death protein 1\/ligand 1 (PD-1\/PD-L1) inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low-dose IL-2 treatment was standardized for BP. The Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI), 5D-Itch Scale (5D-IS), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were recorded before and after treatment, and hexachromatic lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and cytokines were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant decline in the BPDAI score, 5D-IS, and DLQI score was observed following treatment. The count of B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, Treg cells, and the levels of cytokines (IL-4, -8, and -10) were significantly downregulated in comparison to baseline measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low-dose IL-2 could be an effective therapeutic choice for treating BP caused by PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1496413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T05:10:39Z","timestamp":1733807439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case report: Low-dose interleukin-2: a treatment of bullous pemphigoid with predominantly perifollicular blistering caused by PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yingyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.105","article-title":"Dermatologic toxicities to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A review of histopathologic features","volume":"83","author":"Ellis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090357","article-title":"The biology of interleukin-2","volume":"26","author":"Malek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu 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