{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:02:19Z","timestamp":1792425739566,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81501006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-MSLH-406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-MSLH-406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Efgartigimod has been approved for the treatment of acetylcholine receptor antibodies-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (AChR-Ab+gMG), but its efficacy in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is not known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe 2 cases of patients with AChR-Ab+ OMG who showed unfavorable responses to corticosteroids and tacrolimus. Within 2 weeks of initiating efgartigimod, both patients showed rapid improvement and minimal symptom expression was achieved in weeks 3 to 4, which was maintained up to week 12.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2 cases described herein provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of efgartigimod for the treatment of OMG for patients who do not respond or are intolerant to conventional medications. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1497398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T05:10:48Z","timestamp":1736745048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Case report: Efgartigimod is a novel therapeutic option for ocular myasthenia gravis: a report of 2 cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tianying","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002790","article-title":"International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: Executive summary","volume":"87","author":"Sanders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03133-x","article-title":"Treating myasthenia gravis beyond the eye clinic","volume":"38","author":"Jacob","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00159-9","article-title":"Safety, efficacy, and tolerability of efgartigimod in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (ADAPT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Howard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-024-03025-z","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness\u00a0and\u00a0safety of intravenous methylprednisolone and tacrolimus monotherapy in ocular myasthenia gravis with unsatisfactory prednisone responses: A retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27369","article-title":"Clinical profile and impact of comorbidities in patients with very-late-onset myasthenia gravis","volume":"64","author":"Vijayan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06519-5","article-title":"Dynamic nomogram for predicting generalized conversion in adult-onset ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"44","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209722","article-title":"Effect of immunosuppression in risk of developing generalized symptoms in ocular myasthenia gravis: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"103","author":"Menon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1497398\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T05:10:52Z","timestamp":1736745052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1497398\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1497398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1497398","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"article-number":"1497398"}}