{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:13:52Z","timestamp":1772208832936,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08AI168450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08AI168450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>While durable antibody responses from long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) populations are important for protection against pathogens, LLPC may be harmful if they produce antibodies against self-proteins or self-nuclear antigens as occurs in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thus, the elimination of autoreactive LLPC may improve the treatment of antibody-driven autoimmune diseases. However, LLPC remain a challenging therapeutic target. Here, we compare the matched bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PBL) plasma cell (PC) compartments of SLE and healthy donors (HD). We show a similar distribution of CD138- and CD138+ PC, including putative LLPC (CD19- CD138+ CD38+), between SLE and HD BM. For both SLE and HD, CD138+ PC are at a higher frequency in BM than PBL. Expression of Ki-67 associates with the PBL compartment where it is found on all PC subsets regardless of CD19 or CD138 expression. Transcriptomic analysis identifies an interferon (IFN) gene signature in transitional B cells in the SLE BM, but surprisingly also in the BM PC derived from SLE. BM PC and B cells phosphorylate STAT1 in response to type I IFN stimulation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, but with decreased fold change compared to those from the PBL. While BM PC bind type I IFN receptor-blocking antibody anifrolumab, it is to a lesser degree than circulating B cells. Anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are found in the BM supernatant and PBL serum of SLE patients. Both SLE and HD BM-derived PC have increased survival compared to their PBL counterparts when treated with verdinexor. In summary, these findings show evidence of IFN activation in BM PC from SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1499551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T05:11:48Z","timestamp":1736485908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interferon activation in bone marrow long-lived plasma cells in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Diana F.","family":"Alzamareh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Meednu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Nandedkar-Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Krenitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Yasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Durrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juilee","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rangel-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer H.","family":"Anolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Barnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.10.5970","article-title":"Disturbed peripheral B lymphocyte homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"165","author":"Odendahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1009","article-title":"B cell abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus","author":"Grammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161590","article-title":"Antibody-secreting plasma cells persist for decades in human intestine","volume":"214","author":"Landsverk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.5.1165","article-title":"In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. 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