{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:38:52Z","timestamp":1789609132061,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAR T-cell therapy is highly effective, but also associated with unique toxicities. Because of the origin of T cells in patients who previously underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the post-CAR T-cell setting poses a relevant concern but is only scarcely studied. Potential risk factors and mitigation strategies (from CAR T-cell modifications to clinical management) are yet to be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sharing our retrospective experience and a mini-review of the literature, our aim is to better understand the frequency and risk of the potential occurrence of GVHD after CAR T cells, which are most likely underestimated. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we present a cohort of 11 patients with symptoms suggestive of GVHD out of 25 allografted patients treated with CAR T cells, of whom 3 patients (12%) had GVHD most likely triggered by the preceding CAR T-cell treatment. Severe chronic pulmonary GVHD occurred in a patient after CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) mediated successful long-term control of GVHD without causing relapse of the underlying disease. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion\/Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy seems to be feasible in patients after alloHCT but might comprise the potential risk of triggering GVHD, most likely depending on the T-cell source, donor compatibility, and the specific CAR construct used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1500177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T06:12:20Z","timestamp":1731910340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["GVHD after CAR T-cell therapy post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation \u2014 successfully treated by extracorporeal photopheresis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kiavasch Mohammad 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