{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:41:11Z","timestamp":1790001671417,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Teleost B cells producing neutralizing antibodies contribute to protection against salmonid alphavirus (SAV) infection, the etiological agent of pancreas disease, thereby reducing mortality and disease severity. Our previous studies show differences in B cell responses between the systemic immune tissues (head kidney (HK) and spleen) and the peritoneal cavity (PerC) after intraperitoneal SAV3 infection in Atlantic salmon (<jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic>) where the response in PerC dominates at the late time points. By employing the same infection model, we aimed to further characterize these B cells. Immunophenotyping of teleost B cells is challenging due to limited availability of markers; however, RNA-seq opens an opportunity to explore differences in transcriptomic responses of these cells. Our analysis identified 334, 259 and 613 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Atlantic salmon IgM<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells from HK, spleen, and PerC, respectively, at 6 weeks post SAV3 infection. Of these, only 34 were common to all the three immune sites. Additionally, out of the top 100 genes with the highest fold change in expression, only four genes were common across B cells from the three sites. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs using KEGG and GO databases demonstrated differences in enriched innate immune signaling and the cytokine-cytokine interaction pathways in B cells across the sites, with varying numbers of genes involved. Overall, these findings show the presence of transcriptionally distinct B cell subsets with innate immune functions in HK, spleen and PerC of SAV3-infected Atlantic salmon. Further, our data provide new insights into the immunoregulatory role of fish B cells through the differential expression of various cytokine ligands and receptors and will be a useful resource for further studies into B cell immune compartments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1504836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T06:32:50Z","timestamp":1733207570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transcriptionally distinct B cell profiles in systemic immune tissues and peritoneal cavity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) infected with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shiferaw","family":"Jenberie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simen R\u00f8d","family":"Sandve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thu-Hien","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Peter","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Rimstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorunn B.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvill","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301312","article-title":"B cells in teleost fish act as pivotal initiating APCs in priming adaptive immunity: an evolutionary perspective on the origin of the B-1 cell subset and B7 molecules","volume":"192","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152612800564419","article-title":"Evolutionary and functional relationships of B cells from fish and mammals: insights into their novel roles in phagocytosis and presentation of particulate antigen","volume":"12","author":"Sunyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00971","article-title":"Fish lymphocytes: an evolutionary equivalent of mammalian innate-like lymphocytes","volume":"9","author":"Scapigliati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.04.066","article-title":"Progress, challenges and opportunities in fish vaccine development","volume":"90","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-010-9279-x","article-title":"Immunological control of fish diseases","volume":"12","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Biotechnol (NY)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00028","article-title":"The astonishing diversity of ig classes and B cell repertoires in teleost fish","volume":"4","author":"Fillatreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701546","article-title":"Identification of the first teleost CD5 molecule: additional evidence on phenotypical and functional similarities between fish igM(+) B cells and mammalian B1 cells","volume":"201","author":"Ab\u00f3s","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01203","article-title":"Dysregulation of B cell activity during proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout","volume":"9","author":"Abos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.101","article-title":"Teleost igD+IgM\u2013 B cells mount clonally expanded and mildly mutated intestinal igD responses in the absence of lymphoid follicles","volume":"29","author":"Perdiguero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1913","article-title":"IgT, a primitive immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500027102","article-title":"Discovery of a unique Ig heavy-chain isotype (IgT) in rainbow trout: Implications for a distinctive B cell developmental pathway in teleost fish","volume":"102","author":"Hansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1166","article-title":"The immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus in zebrafish: identification and expression of a previously unknown isotype, immunoglobulin Z","volume":"6","author":"Danilova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104079","article-title":"Mucosal immunoglobulins of teleost fish: A decade of advances","volume":"121","author":"Salinas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6608","article-title":"B cell heterogeneity in the teleost kidney: evidence for a maturation gradient from anterior to posterior kidney1","volume":"174","author":"Zwollo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109479","article-title":"There and back again? A B cell\u2019s tale on responses and spatial distribution in teleosts","volume":"148","author":"Jenberie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.01.012","article-title":"Expansion and differentiation of IgM(+) B cells in the rainbow trout peritoneal cavity in response to different antigens","volume":"70","author":"Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21895-9","article-title":"Profiling Atlantic salmon B cell populations: CpG-mediated TLR-ligation enhances IgM secretion and modulates immune gene expression","volume":"8","author":"Jenberie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00584","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotides modulate innate and adaptive functions of igM(+) B cells in rainbow trout","volume":"10","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082737","article-title":"Transcriptional heterogeneity of IgM+ cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues","volume":"8","author":"Ab\u00f3s","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109357","article-title":"Mapping the cellular landscape of Atlantic salmon head kidney by single cell and single nucleus transcriptomics","volume":"146","author":"Andresen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10060511","article-title":"Diversity of rainbow trout blood B cells revealed by single cell RNA sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Perdiguero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109358","article-title":"Cell atlas of the Atlantic salmon spleen reveals immune cell heterogeneity and cell-specific responses to bacterial infection","volume":"145","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110920","article-title":"Immunological characterization of the teleost adipose tissue and its modulation in response to viral infection and fat-content in the diet","volume":"9","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.868551","article-title":"Functional and phenotypic characterization of B cells in the teleost adipose tissue","volume":"13","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.02.001","article-title":"Immunohistochemical examination of immune cells in adipose tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following intraperitoneal vaccination","volume":"87","author":"Veenstra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104125","article-title":"The importance of the Atlantic salmon peritoneal cavity B cell response: Local IgM secreting cells are predominant upon Piscirickettsia salmonis infection","volume":"123","author":"van der Wal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01682","article-title":"Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 induces prolonged local B cell responses in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after intraperitoneal infection","volume":"11","author":"Jenberie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2024.105193","article-title":"Virus-specific antibody secreting cells reside in the peritoneal cavity and systemic immune sites of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged intraperitoneally with salmonid alphavirus","volume":"157","author":"Jenberie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13352","article-title":"Genetically modified attenuated salmonid alphavirus: A potential strategy for immunization of Atlantic salmon","volume":"44","author":"Aksnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fish Dis"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(00)00068-9","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and plasmid DNA stimulate Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) leucocytes to produce supernatants with antiviral activity","volume":"25","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.09.009","article-title":"Antibodies recognizing both IgM isotypes in Atlantic salmon","volume":"33","author":"Hedfors","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101938","article-title":"Discovery and characterization of secretory IgD in rainbow trout: secretory IgD is produced through a novel splicing mechanism","volume":"188","author":"Ramirez-Gomez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1999.00583.x","article-title":"Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the Atlantic salmon immunoglobulin D gene","volume":"50","author":"Hordvik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5608-2","article-title":"Purification of high-quality RNA from a small number of fluorescence activated cell sorted zebrafish cells for RNA sequencing purposes","volume":"20","author":"Loontiens","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197","article-title":"Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression","volume":"14","author":"Patro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research","article-title":"Differential analyses for RNA-seq: transcript-level estimates improve gene-level inferences","volume":"4","author":"Soneson","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2000-124-1361-CEOBCI","article-title":"CD8 expression on B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"124","author":"Islam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02541","article-title":"Standardized IMGT\u00ae Nomenclature of salmonidae IGH genes, the paradigm of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout: from genomics to repertoires","volume":"10","author":"Magadan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051450","article-title":"Regulation of the germinal center gene program by interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 8\/IFN consensus sequence-binding protein","volume":"203","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003098","article-title":"Teleost fish mount complex clonal IgM and IgT responses in spleen upon systemic viral infection","volume":"9","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03080-14","article-title":"Early activation of teleost B cells in response to rhabdovirus infection","volume":"89","author":"Ab\u00f3s","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13600","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13600","article-title":"Mature IgM-expressing plasma cells sense antigen and develop competence for cytokine production upon antigenic challenge","volume":"7","author":"Blanc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01269-4","article-title":"Transcriptional atlas analysis from multiple tissues reveals the expression specificity patterns in beef cattle","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218131110","article-title":"Extracellular matrix of secondary lymphoid organs impacts on B-cell fate and survival","volume":"110","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00824","article-title":"Recent advances on phagocytic B cells in teleost fish","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030493","article-title":"IgM+ and igT+ B cell traffic to the heart during SAV infection in atlantic salmon","volume":"8","author":"Bakke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-78","article-title":"Gene expression studies of host response to Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 experimental infections in Atlantic salmon","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsirep.2021.100012","article-title":"Advances in aquatic animal RIG-I-like receptors","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.293","article-title":"Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR)","volume":"161","author":"Sahoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103806","article-title":"Expression of DC-SIGN-like C-type lectin receptors in salmo salar","volume":"113","author":"Ojeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7289","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197289","article-title":"Cytosolic sensors for pathogenic viral and bacterial nucleic acids in fish","volume":"21","author":"Mojzesz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01049-15","article-title":"Conservation of the STING-mediated cytosolic DNA sensing pathway in zebrafish","volume":"89","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.09.022","article-title":"Toll-like receptor recognition of bacteria in fish: ligand specificity and signal pathways","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.09.021","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling in bony fish","volume":"134","author":"Rebl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunol Immunopathology"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00137","article-title":"Homing of antigen-presenting cells in head kidney and spleen - salmon head kidney hosts diverse APC types","volume":"4","author":"Iliev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2022.104621","article-title":"Regulatory roles of cytokines in T and B lymphocytes-mediated immunity in teleost fish","volume":"144","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/biology5020023","article-title":"The function of fish cytokines","volume":"5","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.03.017","article-title":"Functional characterization of IL-10 and its receptor subunits in a perciform fish, the mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi","volume":"97","author":"Huo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2018.11.008","article-title":"Regulatory and effector B cells: Friends or foes","volume":"93","author":"Matsushita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3857","article-title":"Antibody-independent functions of B cells: a focus on cytokines","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B64","article-title":"Expression of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor in B lymphocytes","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb08276.x","article-title":"C-fms protein expression by B-cells, with particular reference to the hairy cells of hairy-cell leukaemia","volume":"83","author":"Till","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.03.073","article-title":"Interferon-regulatory factors, IRF3 and IRF7 in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: Characterization, ontogeny and transcriptional modulation upon challenge with nervous necrosis virus","volume":"89","author":"Krishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1900","article-title":"IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors","volume":"6","author":"Honda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00606","article-title":"IRF3 and IRF8 regulate NF-\u03baB signaling by targeting myD88 in teleost fish","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.293969","article-title":"MyD88 interacts with interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and IRF7 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): transgenic SsMyD88 modulates the IRF-induced type I interferon response and accumulates in aggresomes","volume":"286","author":"Iliev","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.02.009","article-title":"Cloning and expression analyses of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and 7 genes in European eel, Anguilla Anguilla with the identification of genes involved in IFN production","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.04.015","article-title":"Regulation and function of interferon regulatory factors of Atlantic salmon","volume":"47","author":"Bergan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600159","article-title":"Zebrafish IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 differentially regulate IFN\u03a61 and IFN\u03a63 expression through assembly of homo- or heteroprotein complexes","volume":"197","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1214912","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas- induced IRF3 and MAVS knockouts in a salmonid cell line disrupt PRR signaling and affect viral replication","volume":"14","author":"van der Wal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.08.020","article-title":"Protection of Atlantic salmon against salmonid alphavirus infection by type I interferons IFNa, IFNb and IFNc","volume":"57","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.02.005","article-title":"The role of type I interferons in innate and adaptive immunity against viruses in Atlantic salmon","volume":"80","author":"Robertsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201188","article-title":"Atlantic salmon type I IFN subtypes show differences in antiviral activity and cell-dependent expression: evidence for high IFNb\/IFNc\u2013producing cells in fish lymphoid tissues","volume":"189","author":"Svingerud","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/14.4.411","article-title":"IFN-alpha\/beta enhances BCR-dependent B cell responses","volume":"14","author":"Braun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200538","article-title":"Type I IFN receptor signaling on B cells promotes antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens","volume":"210","author":"Spurrier","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1504836\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T06:32:56Z","timestamp":1733207576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1504836\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1504836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1504836","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"article-number":"1504836"}}