{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:14:16Z","timestamp":1783574056144,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanoma of the uveal tract or uveal melanoma (UM) originates from melanocytes of the eye and is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite considerable advances in diagnostic procedures and treatments, prognosis remains poor in those with advanced disease. Accordingly, although current treatments have an excellent local disease control rate, approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic relapse within 10 years. The high risk for metastatic disease with a variable and often long latency period is thought to be due to early spread of cancer cells disseminating into organs such as the liver, followed by a period of dormancy, before the eventual emergence of radiologically measurable disease. Early detection of disease relapse or metastasis is therefore crucial to allow timely treatment and ultimately improve patient outcome. Recently, advances in minimally-invasive liquid biopsy techniques and biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have demonstrated potential to transform the field of cancer care by aiding diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of various cancer types. UM is particularly suitable for ctDNA-based approaches due to the relatively well-characterized spectrum of genetic mutations, along with the inherent difficulties and risks associated with getting sufficient tumor samples via traditional biopsy methods. Key potential advantage of ctDNA are the detection of molecular residual disease (MRD) in patients post definitive treatment, and in the early identification of metastasis. This is particularly relevant contemporarily with the recent demonstration of tebentafusp improving survival in metastatic UM patients, and opens avenues for further research to investigate the potential utilization of tebentafusp combined with ctDNA-based strategies in adjuvant settings and early intervention for MRD. The present review illustrates the current understanding of ctDNA-based strategies in UM, discusses the potential clinical applications, explores the potential of utilizing ctDNA in UM MRD in the context of an ongoing clinical trial, and highlights the challenges that need to be overcome prior to routine clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T05:11:01Z","timestamp":1733289061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The role of circulating tumor DNA in melanomas of the uveal tract"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Zeeshan","family":"Zameer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Jou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.275","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: relatively rare but deadly cancer","volume":"31","author":"Kaliki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S69210","article-title":"The genetics of uveal melanoma: current insights","volume":"9","author":"Helgadottir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Clin Genet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010096","article-title":"Prognostic biomarkers in uveal melanoma: the status quo, recent advances and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Lamas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.5.670","article-title":"Assessment of metastatic disease status at death in 435 patients with large choroidal melanoma in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS): COMS report no. 15","volume":"119","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.961517","article-title":"Characterizing metastatic uveal melanoma patients who develop symptomatic brain metastases","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e3182546a6b","article-title":"Delayed systemic recurrence of uveal melanoma","volume":"36","author":"Kolandjian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.2466","article-title":"Survival rates in patients after treatment for metastasis from uveal melanoma","volume":"136","author":"Lane","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304753","article-title":"Three-year overall survival with tebentafusp in metastatic uveal melanoma","volume":"389","author":"Hassel","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2014.12.003","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA as a non-invasive substitute to metastasis biopsy for tumor genotyping and personalized medicine in a prospective trial across all tumor types","volume":"9","author":"Lebofsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.v146.5","article-title":"Assessing tumor heterogeneity using ctDNA to predict and monitor therapeutic response in metastatic breast cancer","volume":"146","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02226-6","article-title":"A longitudinal circulating tumor DNA-based model associated with survival in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"29","author":"Assaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02709-4","article-title":"Recommendations for reporting tissue and circulating tumor (ct)DNA next-generation sequencing results in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"131","author":"Malapelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1303335","article-title":"Research progress of CTC, ctDNA, and EVs in cancer liquid biopsy","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.v7i30","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA: a promising biomarker in the liquid biopsy of cancer","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133066","article-title":"GNAQ and GNA11 genes: A comprehensive review on oncogenesis, prognosis and therapeutic opportunities in uveal melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Silva-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3549","article-title":"Recurrent activating mutations of G-protein-coupled receptor CYSLTR2 in uveal melanoma","volume":"48","author":"Moore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6614","article-title":"Deep sequencing of uveal melanoma identifies a recurrent mutation in PLCB4","volume":"7","author":"Johansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S199064","article-title":"Blood biomarkers of uveal melanoma: current perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Bande Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqad029","article-title":"Multiorgan involvement of dormant uveal melanoma micrometastases in postmortem tissue from patients without coexisting macrometastases","volume":"160","author":"Gill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S235777","article-title":"Cancer patient-reported preferences and knowledge for liquid biopsies and blood biomarkers at a comprehensive cancer center","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.03.007","article-title":"Intratumor heterogeneity: the rosetta stone of therapy resistance","volume":"37","author":"Marusyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.166","article-title":"Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies","volume":"15","author":"Dagogo-Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"PO.17.00279","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.17.00279","article-title":"Clinical application of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in uveal melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Beasley","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249651","article-title":"Monosomy 3 influences epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene expression in uveal melanoma patients; consequences for liquid biopsy","volume":"21","author":"Soltysova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071740","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA reflects uveal melanoma responses to protein kinase C inhibition","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.v10.17","article-title":"Early detection of metastatic uveal melanoma by the analysis of tumor-specific mutations in cell-free plasma DNA","volume":"10","author":"Le Guin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0309","article-title":"Pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization detects circulating tumor DNA in metastatic uveal melanoma","volume":"18","author":"Madic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.v134.5","article-title":"Detection rate and prognostic value of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in metastatic uveal melanoma","volume":"134","author":"Bidard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507904102","article-title":"Detection and quantification of mutations in the plasma of patients with colorectal tumors","volume":"102","author":"Diehl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3519","article-title":"An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulating tumor DNA with broad patient coverage","volume":"20","author":"Newman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105422108","article-title":"Detection and quantification of rare mutations with massively parallel sequencing","volume":"108","author":"Kinde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.2.18","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of uveal melanoma for detection of genetic alterations predicting metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Afshar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.10.002","article-title":"Techniques of using circulating tumor DNA as a liquid biopsy component in cancer management","volume":"16","author":"Elazezy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.adgen.2021.08.004","article-title":"Recent advances in lung cancer genomics: Application in targeted therapy","volume":"108","author":"Pathak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Genet"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life11090890","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy, ctDNA Diagnosis through NGS","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13154","article-title":"Plasma next generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR-based detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients with advanced lung cancer treated with subsequent-line osimertinib","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13050994","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA detection by digital-droplet PCR in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Huerta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz8084","article-title":"ctDNA monitoring using patient-specific sequencing and integration of variant reads","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1055968","article-title":"Tumor-informed or tumor-agnostic circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for risk of recurrence in resected colorectal cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01710-w","article-title":"Circulating tumor nucleic acids: biology, release mechanisms, and clinical relevance","volume":"22","author":"Stejskal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.943253","article-title":"Circulating Tumor DNA as a Cancer Biomarker: An Overview of Biological Features and Factors That may Impact on ctDNA Analysis","volume":"12","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Herrero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2021.1889371","article-title":"Ultrasensitive circulating tumor DNA analysis enables precision medicine: experimental workflow considerations","volume":"21","author":"Andersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180322","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA detectable in early- and late-stage colorectal cancer patients","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01151-6","article-title":"Circulating tumour DNA in melanoma-clinic ready","volume":"24","author":"Tivey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346ra92","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf6219","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA analysis detects minimal residual disease and predicts recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer","volume":"8","author":"Tie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30780-4","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of circulating tumor DNA for the detection of EGFR-T790M mutation in NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Passiglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz075","article-title":"Pre-operative ctDNA predicts survival in high-risk stage III cutaneous melanoma patients","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020333","article-title":"Ocular complications of radiotherapy in uveal melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Zemba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000480640","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: 5-year update on incidence, treatment, and survival (SEER 1973-2013)","volume":"4","author":"Aronow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Oncol Pathol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.208","article-title":"Metastasis of uveal melanoma millimeter-by-millimeter in 8033 consecutive eyes","volume":"127","author":"Shields","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2023.10.024","article-title":"Multicentre analysis of nucleic acid quantification using aqueous humour liquid biopsy in uveal melanoma: implications for clinical testing","volume":"27","author":"Pike","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116226","article-title":"Potential of aqueous humor as a liquid biopsy for uveal melanoma","volume":"23","author":"Im","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.069823","article-title":"Whole body PET\/CT for initial staging of choroidal melanoma","volume":"89","author":"Finger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101041","article-title":"Metastatic uveal melanoma: The final frontier","volume":"90","author":"Rantala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tr3","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.3119tr3","article-title":"The inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signal transduction pathway","volume":"3","author":"Thatcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-02133-6","article-title":"A phase I trial of LXS196, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, for metastatic uveal melanoma","volume":"128","author":"Piperno-Neumann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-022-00437-6","article-title":"Targeting GNAQ\/11 through PKC inhibition in uveal melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Lietman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289243","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/289243","article-title":"The roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in TGF-\u03b2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"2012","author":"Gui","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Signal Transduct"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01705-z","article-title":"Targeting the RAS\/RAF\/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies","volume":"8","author":"Bahar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100163","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.015352","article-title":"Direct evidence that the GPCR CysLTR2 mutant causative of uveal melanoma is constitutively active with highly biased signaling","volume":"296","author":"Ceraudo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B62","article-title":"Lack of BRAF mutations in uveal melanoma","volume":"63","author":"Rimoldi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030879","article-title":"The role of immune checkpoint blockade in uveal melanoma","volume":"21","author":"Wessely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3521","article-title":"The emerging mutational landscape of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors in cancer","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019hayre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.04.022","article-title":"Activating CYSLTR2 and PLCB4 mutations in primary leptomeningeal melanocytic tumors","volume":"137","author":"Van De Nes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030775","article-title":"Genetics and RNA regulation of uveal melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.299","article-title":"Patient survival in uveal melanoma is not affected by oncogenic mutations in GNAQ and GNA11","volume":"109","author":"Koopmans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002176","article-title":"Prognostic value of BAP1 protein expression in uveal melanoma","volume":"48","author":"Kennedy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.154367","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: estimating prognosis","volume":"63","author":"Kaliki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0101","article-title":"Clinical and cytogenetic analyses in uveal melanoma","volume":"47","author":"Kilic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030846","article-title":"Identification of early-onset metastasis in SF3B1 mutated uveal melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Drabarek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14550","article-title":"Chromosome 3 status combined with BAP1 and EIF1AX mutation profiles are associated with metastasis in uveal melanoma","volume":"55","author":"Ewens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.0903","article-title":"Driver mutations in uveal melanoma: associations with gene expression profile and patient outcomes","volume":"134","author":"Decatur","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.04.017","article-title":"Probing the tumor suppressor function of BAP1 in CRISPR-engineered human liver organoids","volume":"24","author":"Artegiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.417","article-title":"Lack of BAP1 protein expression in uveal melanoma is associated with increased metastatic risk and has utility in routine prognostic testing","volume":"111","author":"Kalirai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0606","article-title":"EIF1AX and RAS Mutations Cooperate to Drive Thyroid Tumorigenesis through ATF4 and c-MYC","volume":"9","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-020-00220-5","article-title":"The biological function and clinical significance of SF3B1 mutations in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"biomark Res"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0330","article-title":"SF3B1 mutations are associated with alternative splicing in uveal melanoma","volume":"3","author":"Furney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2674","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic mutations in EIF1AX and SF3B1 in uveal melanoma with disomy 3","volume":"45","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.187","article-title":"Combined mutation and copy-number variation detection by targeted next-generation sequencing in uveal melanoma","volume":"31","author":"Smit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-727-3_22","article-title":"A prognostic test to predict the risk of metastasis in uveal melanoma based on a 15-gene expression profile","volume":"1102","author":"Harbour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.023","article-title":"Uveal melanomas with SF3B1 mutations: A distinct subclass associated with late-onset metastases","volume":"123","author":"Yavuzyigitoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.07.003","article-title":"Integrative analysis identifies four molecular and clinical subsets in uveal melanoma","volume":"32","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.027","article-title":"Genetic analysis of uveal melanoma in 658 patients using the cancer genome atlas classification of uveal melanoma as A, B, C and D","volume":"126","author":"Vichitvejpaisal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.11.005","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration biopsy in uveal melanoma: technique, complications, and outcomes","volume":"162","author":"Sellam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01984-w","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA tracking through driver mutations as a liquid biopsy-based biomarker for uveal melanoma","volume":"40","author":"Bustamante","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.011","article-title":"Estimating the risk of Malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus","volume":"112","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.13.17","article-title":"Detectability of plasma-derived circulating tumor DNA panel in patients undergoing primary treatment for uveal melanoma","volume":"63","author":"Francis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2021.5190","article-title":"Current molecular and clinical insights into uveal melanoma (Review)","volume":"58","author":"Fallico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1825","article-title":"Integrative genomic analysis of aneuploidy in uveal melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Ehlers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1460","article-title":"Concurrent loss of chromosome arm 1p and chromosome 3 predicts a decreased disease-free survival in uveal melanoma patients","volume":"46","author":"Kilic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-009-9223-2","article-title":"Reactions to and desire for prognostic testing in choroidal melanoma patients","volume":"18","author":"Beran","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx212","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA changes for early monitoring of anti-PD1 immunotherapy: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"28","author":"Cabel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200075","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer","volume":"386","author":"Tie","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02015-7","article-title":"Clinical and molecular response to tebentafusp in previously treated patients with metastatic uveal melanoma: a phase 2 trial","volume":"28","author":"Carvajal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103485","article-title":"Overall survival benefit with tebentafusp in metastatic uveal melanoma","volume":"385","author":"Nathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.5332","article-title":"Association between circulating tumor DNA and pseudoprogression in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-programmed cell death 1 antibodies","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2023.102543","article-title":"Is tebentafusp superior to combined immune checkpoint blockade and other systemic treatments in metastatic uveal melanoma? A comparative efficacy analysis with population adjustment","volume":"115","author":"Petzold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2013.2.issue-2","article-title":"Ultradeep sequencing detects GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in cell-free DNA from plasma of patients with uveal melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Metz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005822","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA as a prognostic factor in patients with resectable hepatic metastases of uveal melanoma","volume":"278","author":"Mariani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45475-w","article-title":"Prediction of plasma ctDNA fraction and prognostic implications of liquid biopsy in advanced prostate cancer","volume":"15","author":"Fonseca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpccr.2024.100295","article-title":"The use of ctDNA MRD precision medicine surveillance after definitive treatment of early-stage, high-risk breast cancer in a radiation oncology practice: A case series","volume":"14","author":"Durka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Problems Cancer: Case Rep"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-24-81","article-title":"Minimal residual disease monitoring via ctDNA: a case report of Lynch syndrome with synchronous colorectal cancer and review of literature","volume":"15","author":"Eslinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djae179","article-title":"NCI workshop on ctDNA in cancer treatment and clinical care","volume":"1","author":"Sorg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.103112","article-title":"International liquid biopsy standardization alliance white paper","volume":"156","author":"Connors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.20.00528","article-title":"Validation of ctDNA quality control materials through a precompetitive collaboration of the foundation for the national institutes of health","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17588359241266164","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359241266164","article-title":"Early evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ctDNA-guided selection for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer","volume":"16","author":"Kramer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.1270","article-title":"Budget impact analysis of circulating tumor DNA testing for colon cancer in commercial health and medicare advantage plans","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509968\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T05:11:08Z","timestamp":1733289068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509968\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509968","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"article-number":"1509968"}}