{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:13:13Z","timestamp":1788455593080,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies primarily focused on the effects of ALT and virology, but there is a lack of research on the correlations of HBcrAg and pgRNA, two novel virologic markers, with immunological parameters in pregnant women with CHB undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 28 HBeAg-positive pregnant women with CHB undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention. Clinical data, virological markers (HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcrAg and pgRNA) and 28 cytokines were detected at three time points: 24-28 weeks gestation (before prophylactic antiviral intervention), near birth and within 3 months postpartum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PgRNA was moderately (correlation coefficient between 0.4 and 0.6) positively correlated with Th1-type cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, IL12p70, IL2, and TNF-\u03b1), Th17-type cytokines (IL21), Th2-type cytokines (IL10, IL4, and IL5), and cytokines regulating cell proliferation and differentiation (CTLA4, IL15, IL23, and TGF-\u03b21) and moderately negatively correlated with EGF (correlation coefficient = -0.4), while ALT, HBV-DNA, HBsAg and HBcrAg were insignificantly correlated with cytokines at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Most cytokines tended to be elevated, with statistically significant increases observed only for the chemokines IP10 and MCP-1 during pregnancy. Most cytokines were significantly increased in postpartum women with virologic rebound after treatment discontinuation postpartum, but no significant change in the Th1\/Th2 ratio. Changes in virologic markers were significantly correlated with cytokines. Immune activation was more pronounced in postpartum women who developed ALT flare compared to who did not, with Th1-type cytokines (especially IL12p40) and chemokines being main differential cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PgRNA was more closely correlated with cytokine profiles, and postpartum ALT flare may be the result of the interaction between Th1-type cytokines and chemokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1511855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T19:11:16Z","timestamp":1733857876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PgRNA closely correlates to cytokine profile in HBeAg-positive pregnant women undergoing prophylactic antiviral intervention"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunling","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0744-2","article-title":"Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HBV: progress and challenges in China","volume":"14","author":"Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2023.00320","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (version 2022)","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Trans Hepatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"Electronic address eee, European Association for the Study of the L. 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