{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T12:59:55Z","timestamp":1754398795379,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent epidemiological data suggests a rising incidence of breast angiosarcoma (AS-B) in the Western population, with over two-thirds related to irradiation or chronic lymphedema. However, unlike head and neck angiosarcoma (AS-HN), AS-B disease characteristics in Asia remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined clinical patterns of angiosarcoma patients (n = 176) seen in an Asiantertiary cancer center from 1999 to 2021, and specifically investigated the molecular and immune features of AS-B in comparison to AS-HN. Data from whole genome sequencing (WGS), NanoString gene expression profiling and 10x Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Majority of cases were AS-HN (n = 104; 59.1%), while AS-B (n = 16, all females) accounted for 9.1% of the cases. The median age at diagnosis was 43 years (range, 26 to 74). Based on WGS, 4 of the 7 AS-B had non-synonymous somatic variants in 47 genes (range, 2 to 28 per case). These genes were functionally annotated and were enriched in cancer-related pathways such as regulation of cell differentiation, VEGFR and receptor tyrosine kinases signaling pathways. By NanoString gene expression profiling, ASB, compared to AS-HN, were enriched for angiogenesis, notch signaling and metastasis-associated matrix remodeling pathways. Additionally, AS-B were enriched for macrophages and CD8+ T cells expression signatures. Similarly, Visium spatial transcriptomics showed that AS-B were enriched for macrophages and T-cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, in our AS-B cases, we observed a convergence of both mutational and expression signatures on angiogenic-related pathways. Thus, anti-angiogenic therapy could be an option to treat AS-B.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1515935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T06:12:46Z","timestamp":1736748766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiomics characterization of breast angiosarcoma from an Asian cohort reveals enrichment for angiogenesis signaling pathway and tumor-infiltrating macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tun Kiat","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zexi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bavani","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boon 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