{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:54:12Z","timestamp":1793912052941,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Synbiotics have revealed the possibility of improving constipation through gut microbiota. The synergistic efficacy of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic> subsp. lactis BL-99 (BL-99) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on constipation have not been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loperamide-induced constipated mice model was established to explore the effect of BL-99, FOS, and BL-99+FOS on changes of defecation-related parameters, gut microbiota and metabolites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that BL-99, FOS, and BL-99+FOS each alleviated constipation, with the synbiotic showing significant efficacy in the first black stool defecation time, fecal number, fecal weight, and the gastrointestinal transit rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, significant increased in serum 5-HT and IL-10 were observed in the BL-99+FOS group, alongside an increased relative abundance of <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Blautia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Clostridium sensu stricto 1<\/jats:italic>, while significantly reducing the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>. These changes facilitated alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism, and were closely associated with the expression of genes related to the 5-HT pathway and the modulation of serum inflammatory factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for BL-99 and FOS synbiotics to improve constipation by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1520296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T06:13:18Z","timestamp":1736403198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Synergistic defecation effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 and fructooligosaccharide by modulating gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaozhong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Lian","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4","article-title":"Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review. 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