{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:19:57Z","timestamp":1788265197556,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although pegylated interferon \u03b1-2b (PEG-IFN \u03b1-2b) therapy for chronic hepatitis B has received increasing attention, determining the optimal treatment course remains challenging. This research aimed to develop an efficient model for predicting interferon (IFN) treatment course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with chronic hepatitis B, undergoing PEG-IFN \u03b1-2b monotherapy or combined with NAs (Nucleoside Analogs), were recruited from January 2018 to December 2023 at Tianjin Third Central Hospital. All patients achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance post-treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study enrolled 176 patients with chronic hepatitis B, with the median IFN treatment course of 35.23 \u00b1 25.22 weeks. They were randomly divided into two cohorts in a ratio of 7:3. And there were 123 patients in the training cohort and 53 patients in the validation cohort. Univariable and multivariable analyses demonstrated that baseline HBsAg, 12 weeks HBsAg and the presence of cirrhosis significantly influenced IFN treatment course, and both are risk factors (\u03b2=7.27,4.27,10.91; p&amp;lt;0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, HBsAg remained a significant predictor (\u03b2=6.99, 95%CI: 3.59,10.40; p&amp;lt;0.05), which was finally included to establish the model. The actual and predicted values in the validation cohort were highly matched, meanwhile the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE) and accuracy (ACC) of the validation cohort were calculated. External validation also suggests that the model can be used as a tool for initial assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B patients were a risk factor for prolonged IFN treatment course with a positive correlation. Ultimately, a personalized model based on baseline HBsAg levels can be established to roughly estimate the duration of interferon therapy prior to treatment initiation, thereby guiding clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1528758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:12:16Z","timestamp":1736467936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploring using HBsAg to predict interferon treatment course to achieve clinical cure in chronic hepatitis B patients: a clinical study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YiCheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XinYu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WeiLi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BaiGuo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HuiLing","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"CDA Foundation\u2019s Polaris Observatory\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00760-9","article-title":"Global burden of hepatitis B virus: current status, missed opportunities and a call for action","volume":"20","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002331","article-title":"Trends in mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"135","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0084","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000084","article-title":"What will it take to cure hepatitis B","volume":"7","author":"Jeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn501113-20221204-00607","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (version 2022","volume":"30","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Hepatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu, European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800","article-title":"Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance","volume":"67","author":"Terrault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2019.08.003","article-title":"The expert consensus on clinical cure (functional cure) of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"27","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Hepatol"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Functional cure based on pegylated interferon alpha therapy in nucleoside analog-suppressed HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B: a multicenter real-world study (Everest Project in China)-3.5 years data update\n          \n          Semantic Scholar"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.623","article-title":"The coefficient of determination R-squared is more informative than SMAPE, MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE in regression analysis evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Chicco","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.116","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity","volume":"30","author":"Ott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.11.003","article-title":"2019 EASL-AASLD HBV Treatment Endpoints Conference Faculty. Guidance for design and endpoints of clinical trials in chronic hepatitis B - Report from the 2019 EASL-AASLD HBV Treatment Endpoints Conference\u2021","volume":"72","author":"Cornberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32314","article-title":"Getting to HBV cure: The promising paths forward","volume":"76","author":"Fung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"Spontaneous loss of surface antigen among adults living with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and pooled meta-analyses"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.733364","article-title":"Interferon and hepatitis B: current and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10648-8","article-title":"Predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients with chronic HBV infection treated with pegylated interferon-\u03b1: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3795","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B infection: A review","volume":"319","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0037-0","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for hepatitis B virus infection: towards a cure","volume":"18","author":"Fanning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.061","article-title":"Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B to peginterferon-alfa","volume":"137","author":"Buster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.08.009","article-title":"Effect of pegylated interferon\u03b1-2b on serum HBsAg clearance rate in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Hepatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2018.10.005","article-title":"HBsAg loss with Pegylated-interferon alfa-2a in hepatitis B patients with partial response to nucleos(t)-ide analog: new switch study","volume":"26","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.044","article-title":"Switching from entecavir to PegIFN alfa-2a in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised open-label trial (OSST trial)","volume":"61","author":"Ning","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.19347\/j.cnki.2096-1413.202329010","article-title":"Analysis of virological characteristics of peginterferon\u03b1-2b in the treatment of advantaged patients with chronic hepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Res Pract"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332182","article-title":"High accuracy model for HBsAg loss based on longitudinal trajectories of serum qHBsAg throughout long-term antiviral therapy","volume":"73","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i13.1525","article-title":"Add-on pegylated interferon augments hepatitis B surface antigen clearance vs continuous nucleos(t)ide analog monotherapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B surface antigen \u2264 1500 IU\/mL: An observational study","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-0264.2023.009.002","article-title":"Analysis of virological indicators in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon for 96 weeks","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Integrated Traditional Western Med Liver Dis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.200554","article-title":"Kinetics of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Level in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients who Achieved Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss during Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a Treatment","volume":"130","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1528758\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T03:42:06Z","timestamp":1736480526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1528758\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1528758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1528758","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"article-number":"1528758"}}