{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T01:16:55Z","timestamp":1789262215120,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents, is highly invasive with a poor prognosis. While surgery and chemotherapy have improved survival for localized cases, pulmonary metastasis significantly reduces survival to approximately 20%, highlighting the need for novel treatments. Immunotherapy, which leverages the immune system to target osteosarcoma cells, shows promise. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of osteosarcoma, mechanisms of pulmonary metastasis, and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). 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