{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:10:08Z","timestamp":1789056608987,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epigenetic factors influence inflammaging and geriatric disorders such as sarcopenia and frailty. It is necessary to develop a biomarker\/panel of biomarkers for fast and easy diagnostics. Currently, hard-to-access equipment is required to diagnose sarcopenia. The development of a biomarker\/panel of biomarkers will prevent many older adults from being excluded from the diagnostic process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we analyzed selected gene expression profiles, namely, <jats:italic>SIRT1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SIRT3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SIRT6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DNMT3A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FOXO3A<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ELAVL1<\/jats:italic>, in whole blood. The study included 168 subjects divided into five groups: patients hospitalized at the Geriatrics Clinic and Polyclinic with sarcopenia, frailty syndrome, or without those disorders (geriatric control), and non-hospitalized healthy controls (HC) aged 25 to 30 years and over 50 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We revealed a lower mRNA level of <jats:italic>FOXO3A<\/jats:italic> (p&amp;lt;0.001) in sarcopenic patients compared to the geriatric controls. Furthermore, we detected upregulation of <jats:italic>DNMT3A<\/jats:italic> (p=0.003) and <jats:italic>SIRT3<\/jats:italic> (p=0.015) in HC over 50 years old compared to HC aged 25 to 30 years. Interestingly, we observed 2 cluster formations during the gene expression correlation analysis (<jats:italic>SIRT1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SIRT3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DNMT3A<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ELAVL1<\/jats:italic>). We also noted correlations of clinical parameters with mRNA levels in the sarcopenic patients group, such as vitamin D level with <jats:italic>SIRT1<\/jats:italic> (r=0.64, p=0.010), creatine kinase with <jats:italic>SIRT3<\/jats:italic> (r=\u20130.58, p=0.032) and <jats:italic>DNMT3A<\/jats:italic> (r=\u20130.59, p=0.026), creatinine with <jats:italic>DNMT3A<\/jats:italic> (r=0.57, p=0.026), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with <jats:italic>FOXO3A<\/jats:italic> (r=0.69, p=0.004), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with <jats:italic>FOXO3A<\/jats:italic> (r=\u20130.86, p=0.007). In the frailty syndrome group, we noted a correlation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) with <jats:italic>ELAVL1<\/jats:italic> (r=0.59, p=0.026) mRNA level. In the geriatric controls, we observed a correlation of serum iron with <jats:italic>FOXO3A<\/jats:italic> mRNA level (r=\u20130.79, p=0.036).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study revealed <jats:italic>FOXO3A<\/jats:italic> as a potential biomarker of sarcopenia. Furthermore, we observed a high expression of epigenetic factors (<jats:italic>DNMT3A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SIRT3<\/jats:italic>) in older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1467308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T06:47:31Z","timestamp":1739774851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epigenetic factors and inflammaging: FOXO3A as a potential biomarker of sarcopenia and upregulation of DNMT3A and SIRT3 in older 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