{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:25:21Z","timestamp":1782948321056,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32000293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJA130077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJA130077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal tumors, posing a financial and healthcare burden. This study investigates how helminths and pre-existing diseases such as colitis, obesity, diabetes, and gut microbiota issues influence colon cancer development and prognosis. The immune system\u2019s protective immunosuppressive response to helminth invasion minimizes inflammation-induced cell damage and DNA mutations, lowering the risk of colorectal cancer precursor lesions. Helminth infection-mediated immunosuppression can hasten colorectal cancer growth and metastasis, which is detrimental to patient outcomes. Some helminth derivatives can activate immune cells to attack cancer cells, making them potentially useful as colorectal cancer vaccines or therapies. This review also covers gene editing approaches. We discovered that using CRISPR\/Cas9 to inhibit live helminths modulates miRNA, which limits tumor growth. We propose more multicenter studies into helminth therapy\u2019s long-term effects and immune regulation pathways. We hope to treat colorectal cancer patients with helminth therapy and conventional cancer treatments in an integrative setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1484686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T05:18:01Z","timestamp":1744607881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Helminth-induced immune modulation in colorectal cancer: exploring therapeutic applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojun","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuncheng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keda","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2021.02.011","article-title":"Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal track and liver","volume":"50","author":"Braseth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clinics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-009-0005-4","article-title":"A review of the complexity of biology of lymphatic filarial parasites","volume":"33","author":"Paily","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.572865","article-title":"Immunomodulation and immune escape strategies of gastrointestinal helminths and schistosomes","volume":"11","author":"Wiedemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.2017.278.issue-1","article-title":"Type two innate lymphoid cells: the janus cells in health and disease","volume":"278","author":"Maazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.01.010","article-title":"Colon cancer","volume":"74","author":"Labianca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Rev oncology\/hematology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Siegel","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02567-5","article-title":"Global and national trends in years of life lost and years lived with disability caused by three common gastrointestinal cancers from 1990 to 2019","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11041200","article-title":"Helminth lessons in inflammatory bowel diseases (Ibd)","volume":"11","author":"Atagozli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00274","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000274","article-title":"Randomized, placebo controlled trial of experimental hookworm infection for improving gluten tolerance in celiac disease","volume":"11","author":"Croese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101208","article-title":"Inhibition Effects of Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis and Its Derivatives against Atherosclerosis in Apoe(-\/-) Mice through Anti-Inflammatory Response","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.999412","article-title":"Helminth infection and helminth-derived products: A novel therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1118","article-title":"Hookworm treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Tanasescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.v138.7","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi extracts elicit protective immune response against chemically induced colon and mammary cancers","volume":"138","author":"Ubillos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.569729","article-title":"The recombinant protein based on trypanosoma cruzi P21 interacts with cxcr4 receptor and abrogates the invasive phenotype of human breast cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Borges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15032","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315032","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi-derived molecules induce anti-tumour protection by favouring both innate and adaptive immune responses","volume":"23","author":"Freire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05008-6","article-title":"Anti-osteosarcoma effect of antiserum against cross antigen tpd52 between osteosarcoma and trichinella spiralis","volume":"14","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002535","article-title":"Study on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways of small cell lung cancer H446 cells induced by trichinella spiralis muscle larvae esps","volume":"144","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.059","article-title":"Pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis","volume":"158","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0444-6","article-title":"Obesity, diabetes and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer","volume":"19","author":"Soltani","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC endocrine Disord"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.v142.4","article-title":"Body fatness at an early age and risk of colorectal cancer","volume":"142","author":"Hidayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20122922","article-title":"Obesity, insulin resistance, and colorectal cancer: could mirna dysregulation play a role","volume":"20","author":"Cirillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"53","article-title":"Current management of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer","volume":"4","author":"Mattar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Cancer Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgx117","article-title":"Precancer in ulcerative colitis: the role of the field effect and its clinical implications","volume":"39","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.065","article-title":"The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer","volume":"138","author":"Pino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G7","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00079.2004","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer iv. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammation","volume":"287","author":"Itzkowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J physiology-gastrointestinal liver Physiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.05.032","article-title":"P53 and puma independently regulate apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in patients and mice with colitis","volume":"141","author":"Dirisina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2019.102673","article-title":"Inflammation-induced DNA damage, mutations and cancer","volume":"83","author":"Kay","year":"2019","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21354","article-title":"The struggle within: microbial influences on colorectal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Arthur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflammatory bowel Dis"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21281","article-title":"Role of transforming growth factor-r in inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated colon cancer","volume":"16","author":"Feagins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflammatory bowel Dis"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.02.055","article-title":"Jak-stat3 pathway triggers dicer1 for proteasomal degradation by ubiquitin ligase complex of cul4adcaf1 to promote colon cancer development","volume":"375","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-021-02516-y","article-title":"Structural diversity, functional aspects and future therapeutic applications of human gut microbiome","volume":"203","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-018-0543-6","article-title":"The association of diet, gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: what we eat may imply what we get","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.142414","article-title":"Acute physical exercise reverses seNitrosation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1 and protein kinase B\/akt in diettenteon. Obese wistar rats","volume":"586","author":"Pauli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S268943","article-title":"Progress in research on colorectal cancer-related microorganisms and metabolites","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manage Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113976","article-title":"Diet-derived phytochemicals targeting colon cancer stem cells and microbiota in colorectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Ganesan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.24521","article-title":"The role of foxp3 in disease progression in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"2","author":"Grimmig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjt026","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional characteristic of a newly identified cd8+ Foxp3\u2013 cd103+ Regulatory T cells","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053630","article-title":"Expression of foxp3 in colorectal cancer but not in treg cells correlates with disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18390","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i48.18390","article-title":"Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-s is associated with advanced colorectal cancer stages","volume":"20","author":"Al Obeed","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2014.965047","article-title":"Colorectal cancer severity and survival in correlation with tumour necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"28","author":"Stanilov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.22962","article-title":"Interferon-s and colorectal cancer: an up-to date","volume":"9","author":"Kosmidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2014.0132","article-title":"Deficiency of interferon-gamma or its receptor promotes colorectal cancer development","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1705.05081","article-title":"Specific expression of interferon-0 induced by synergistic activation mediator-derived systems activates innate immunity and inhibits tumorigenesis","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915018107","article-title":"Differential release of chromatin-bound il-1m discriminates between necrotic and apoptotic cell death by the ability to induce sterile inflammation","volume":"107","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102048","article-title":"Il-1n and il-1n recruit different myeloid cells and promote different stages of sterile inflammation","volume":"187","author":"Rider","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912675107","article-title":"Ablation of il-17a abrogates progression of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis","volume":"107","author":"Chae","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.03.021","article-title":"Il-17 is associated with poor prognosis and promotes angiogenesis via stimulating vegf production of cancer cells in colorectal carcinoma","volume":"407","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v96.4.1465.h8001465_1465_1473","article-title":"Coadministration of interleukin-18 and interleukin-12 induces a fatal inflammatory response in mice: critical role of natural killer cell interferon-y production and stat-mediated signal transduction","volume":"96","author":"Carson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood J Am Soc Hematol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.3.362-366.2003","article-title":"Relationship between plasma interleukin-12 (Il-12) and il-18 levels and severe malarial anemia in an area of holoendemicity in western Kenya","volume":"10","author":"Chaisavaneeyakorn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6439614","article-title":"Interleukin-18 is a prognostic marker and plays a tumor suppressive role in colon cancer","volume":"2020","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010138","article-title":"The cytokine network in colorectal cancer: implications for new treatment strategies","volume":"12","author":"Braummaumv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00363-z","article-title":"Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy","volume":"21","author":"Briukhovetska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5765-6_12","article-title":"Parasite-associated cancers (Blood flukes\/liver flukes)","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Agents Associated Cancers: Epidemiol Mol Biol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0807","article-title":"Schistosoma japonicum\u2013aponicumma colorectal cancer: A review","volume":"100","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med hygiene"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27552","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase from porphyromonas gingivalis citrullinates human fibrinogen and A-drinogen implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Wegner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01202","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01202","article-title":"Expansion of intestinal prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Scher","year":"2013","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.034","article-title":"Helminth-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Langdon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0874","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"172","author":"Allin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.12.155","article-title":"Parasites and cancers: parasite antigens as possible targets for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Darani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.02.021","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis infection reduces tumor growth and metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma cells","volume":"196","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102488","article-title":"Socio-medical studies of individuals self-treating with helminths provide insight into clinical trial design for assessing helminth therapy","volume":"87","author":"Venkatakrishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00798","article-title":"Expansion of host regulatory T cells by secreted products of the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis","volume":"11","author":"Nono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00850","article-title":"Hookworm secreted extracellular vesicles interact with host cells and prevent inducible colitis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Ryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B64","article-title":"Th1\/th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Kidd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00243-6","article-title":"Il-25 induces il-4, il-5, and il-13 and th2-associated pathologies in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Fort","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00893.x","article-title":"Molecular basis of wormsulartt5 immunomodulation","volume":"28","author":"Harnett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1084","article-title":"Interleukin 31, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice","volume":"5","author":"Dillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00192.x","article-title":"Interleukinannkli interleukinannklinnrnst host protection against intestinal nematode parasites","volume":"201","author":"Finkelman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x","article-title":"Helminth parasites--masters of regulation","volume":"201","author":"Maizels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.113","article-title":"Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections","volume":"11","author":"Sorobetea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.07.007","article-title":"Barrier epithelial cells and the control of type 2 immunity","volume":"43","author":"Hammad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.007","article-title":"Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites","volume":"138","author":"Maizels","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3229","article-title":"Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity","volume":"352","author":"Ramanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01146-2","article-title":"Cooperation between host immunity and the gut bacteria is essential for helminth-evoked suppression of colitis","volume":"9","author":"Shute","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0899","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy comes of age","volume":"29","author":"Topalian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10673","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy comes of age","volume":"480","author":"Mellman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2012.05.014","article-title":"Cancer therapy and vaccination","volume":"382","author":"Aly","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00286-10","article-title":"Translating tumor antigens into cancer vaccines","volume":"18","author":"Buonaguro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2014.11.002","article-title":"Simple sugars to complex diseases-molinaro0 O-glycans in cancer","volume":"126","author":"Kudelka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4620","article-title":"O-glycosylation in echinococcus granulosus: identification and characterization of the carcinoma-associated tn antigen","volume":"98","author":"Errico","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2324-853X.1000105","article-title":"Effect of different hydatid cyst molecules on hela and vero cell lines growth in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Aref","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunodefic Disord"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/bjmmr\/2016\/27220","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of hydatid cyst liquid on melanoma tumor growth in mouse model","volume":"18","author":"Darani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Med Med Res"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.12.1","article-title":"Effect of hydatid cyst antigens on inhibition of melanoma cancer growth in mouse model","volume":"64","author":"Rostami rad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/230176","article-title":"Antitumor activity of human hydatid cyst fluid in a murine model of colon cancer","volume":"2013","author":"Berriel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670804","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.670804","article-title":"Repositioning of antiparasitic drugs for tumor treatment","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0057:COCOAE]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Characterization of carbohydrates of adult echinococcus granulosus by lectin-binding analysis","volume":"89","author":"Casaravilla","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.175242","article-title":"Common antigens between hydatid cyst and cancers","volume":"5","author":"Daneshpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advanced Biomed Res"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-419X(77)90002-6","article-title":"Immunogenicity of tumor antigens","volume":"473","author":"Herberman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.987419","article-title":"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a candidate tumor vaccine platform","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11020069","article-title":"Deciphering the dual role of heligmosomoides polygyrus antigens in macrophage modulation and breast cancer cell growth","volume":"11","author":"Firmanty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Veterinary Sci"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06540-x","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of recombinant echinococcus granulosus antigen B subunit 2 protein on sepsis in a mouse model","volume":"17","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01982-y","article-title":"Mrgpra3 Neurons Drive Cutaneous Immunity against Helminths through Selective Control of Myeloid-Derived Il-33","volume":"25","author":"Inclan-Rico","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.2000","article-title":"Mucin-like peptides from echinococcus granulosus induce antitumor activity","volume":"43","author":"Noya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020111","article-title":"A novel protozoa parasite-derived protein adjuvant is effective in immunization with cancer cells to activate the cancer-specific protective immunity and inhibit the cancer growth in a murine model of colorectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Mani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22088\/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.472","article-title":"Possible trace of htlv-1 virus in modulation of cbl-B, itch, and pp2a suppressor genes","volume":"14","author":"Bahavar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Cell Med (IJMCM)"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-211204","article-title":"Imaging activated innate immune myeloid cells in immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (Icans) following car T-cell therapy","volume":"144","author":"Al Zaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.11.034","article-title":"Parasite infection, carcinogenesis and human Malignancy","volume":"15","author":"Van Tong","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081982","article-title":"Does schistosoma mansoni facilitate carcinogenesis","volume":"10","author":"von Bvonv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.20.581323","article-title":"Theileria annulata infection promotes P53 suppression, genomic instability and DNA deaminase apobec3h upregulation leading to cancer-like phenotype in host cells","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.032","article-title":"Toxocara canis: molecular basis of immune recognition and evasion","volume":"193","author":"Maizels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00736","article-title":"Potential novel risk factor for breast cancer: toxocara canis infection increases tumor size due to modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Ruiz-Manzano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524023666230320103506","article-title":"Toxocara canis increases the potential of breast cancer by reducing the expression of the P53 protein","volume":"24","author":"Kazemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880424","article-title":"Detection of toxoplasma gondii DNA in primary intraocular B-cell lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Herbort","year":"2001","journal-title":"Modern Pathol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.2014.37.issue-1","article-title":"Cobasoglurn9 of E chinococcus granulosus infection and cancer metastasis in the liver correlates with reduced th1 immune responses","volume":"37","author":"Turhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.11.023","article-title":"Assessment of cryptosporidium parvum infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice and its role in triggering intestinal dysplasia","volume":"17","author":"Abdou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.013292","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum-induced ileo-caecal adenocarcinoma and wnt signaling in a mouse model","volume":"7","author":"Benamrouz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis Models Mech"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111665","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and colon cancer: cause or consequence","volume":"8","author":"Sawant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2015.53.1.95","article-title":"Comorbid gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric and duodenal strongyloides stercoralis infection: A case report","volume":"53","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.02.047","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in concomitant occurrence of fasciola gigantica and leiomyoma in cattle","volume":"203","author":"Bahrami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01875.x","article-title":"Spatial distribution of burkittut lymphoma in Kenya and association with malaria risk","volume":"12","author":"Rainey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.134","article-title":"Theileria induces oxidative stress and hif1s activation that are essential for host leukocyte transformation","volume":"33","author":"Medjkane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-1052","article-title":"Smyd3 promotes cancer invasion by epigenetic upregulation of the metalloproteinase mmp-9","volume":"72","author":"Cock-Rada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321884111","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses","volume":"111","author":"Twu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006649","article-title":"Intestinal helminth infection drives carcinogenesis in colitis-associated colon cancer","volume":"13","author":"Pastille","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005708","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005708","article-title":"Chronic trichuris muris infection causes neoplastic change in the intestine and exacerbates tumour formation in apc min\/+ Mice","volume":"11","author":"Hayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04681-x","article-title":"Colorectal cancer and blastocystis sp","volume":"14","author":"Sul\u017cyc-Bielicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection. Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2016.49.11.109","article-title":"Clonorchis sinensis, an oriental liver fluke, as a human biological agent of cholangiocarcinoma: A brief review","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012615-044152","article-title":"Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathology: Mech Dis"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.08.001","article-title":"Genetics of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"149","author":"McGovern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7368","article-title":"Neutralizing anti-il-10 antibody blocks the protective effect of tapeworm infection in a murine model of chemically induced colitis","volume":"174","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4557","article-title":"Infection with a helminth parasite prevents experimental colitis via a macrophage-mediated mechanism","volume":"178","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838956","article-title":"Role of T cell tgfla signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation","volume":"39","author":"Ince","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.03.028","article-title":"A phase I trial with transgenic bacteria expressing interleukin-10 in crohnle disease","volume":"4","author":"Braat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5483.1352","article-title":"Treatment of murine colitis by lactococcus lactis secreting interleukin-10","volume":"289","author":"Steidler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324833","article-title":"Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in illitisshedides mice","volume":"34","author":"Elliott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00049.2002","article-title":"Exposure to schistosome eggs protects mice from tnbs-induced colitis","volume":"284","author":"Elliott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.072801","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta induced foxp3+ Regulatory T cells suppress th1 mediated experimental colitis","volume":"55","author":"Fantini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000542","article-title":"The tgf-elSmad system in ibd pathogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Sedda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700638","article-title":"Helminth-induced production of tgf-u and suppression of graft-versus-host disease is dependent on il-4 production by host cells","volume":"201","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111404","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis excretorylamunol.17 products stimulate host regulatory T cell differentiation through activating dendritic cells","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803803","article-title":"Infection with a helminth parasite attenuates autoimmunity through tgf-ughunityio suppression of th17 and th1 responses1","volume":"183","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.728396","article-title":"The impact of helminth infection on the incidence of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Rennie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.932893","article-title":"Obesity-mediated immune modulation: one step forward,(Th) 2 steps back","volume":"13","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0183","article-title":"Regulation of type 2 diabetes by helminth-induced th2 immune response","volume":"78","author":"Morimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Veterinary Med Sci"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824\u201335","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-277822","article-title":"The helminth T2 RNase \u03c91 promotes metabolic homeostasis in an IL-33- and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent mechanism","volume":"30","author":"Hams","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001973r","article-title":"The helminth glycoprotein omega-1 improves metabolic homeostasis in obese mice through type 2 immunity-independent inhibition of food intake","volume":"35","author":"Zande","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.06.010","article-title":"Helminth-induced and th2-dependent alterations of the gut microbiota attenuate obesity caused by high-fat diet","volume":"10","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127746","article-title":"Infection with soil-transmitted helminths is associated with increased insulin sensitivity","volume":"10","author":"Wiria","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-00979-1","article-title":"Maternal helminth infection protects offspring from high-fat-diet-induced obesity through altered microbiota and scfas","volume":"20","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.01.002","article-title":"Population based and animal study on the effects of schistosoma japonicum infection in the regulation of host glucose homeostasis","volume":"180","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014","article-title":"What is the healthy gut microbiota composition? A changing ecosystem across age, environment, diet, and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Rinninella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115954","article-title":"Microbiota and parasite relationship","volume":"106","author":"Beyhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13358","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113358","article-title":"Helminths and bacterial microbiota: the interactions of two of humansction friendsti","volume":"23","author":"LlinnL-Caballero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.606530","article-title":"Gastrointestinal helminth infection improves insulin sensitivity, decreases systemic inflammation, and alters the composition of gut microbiota in distinct mouse models of type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Khudhair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081187","article-title":"Probiotic mechanisms affecting glucose homeostasis: A scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Pintari\u010d","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10.1128\/iai.00042-19","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00042-19","article-title":"Suppression of obesity by an intestinal helminth through interactions with intestinal microbiota","volume":"87","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-018-0609-6","article-title":"Immuno-therapeutic potential of schistosoma mansoni and trichinella spiralis antigens in a murine model of colon cancer","volume":"37","author":"Eissa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investigational New Drugs"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.878724","article-title":"In vitro anti-gastrointestinal cancer activity of toxocara canis-derived peptide: analyzing the expression level of factors related to cell proliferation and tumor growth","volume":"13","author":"Bahadory","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116628","article-title":"Helminth-derived molecules improve 5-fluorouracil treatment on experimental colon tumorigenesis","volume":"175","author":"Mendoza-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-023-00500-3","article-title":"Prophylactic antineoplastic activity of toxoplasma gondii rh derived antigen against ehrlich solid carcinoma with evidence of shared antigens by comparative immunoblotting","volume":"18","author":"Eissa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Agents Cancer"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201209","article-title":"Immune-mediated regression of established B16f10 melanoma by intratumoral injection of attenuated toxoplasma gondii protects against rechallenge","volume":"190","author":"Baird","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-01994-y","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii-derived antigen modifies tumor microenvironment of ehrlich solid carcinoma murine model and enhances immunotherapeutic activity of cyclophosphamide","volume":"40","author":"Ismail","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820926593","article-title":"Gamma radiation-attenuated toxoplasma gondii provokes apoptosis in ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice generating long-lasting immunity","volume":"19","author":"Hafez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.05.013","article-title":"In vitro treatment of a murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell line with recombinant trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin promotes immunogenicity and phagocytosis","volume":"124","author":"Sosoniuk-Roche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e3282feeaab","article-title":"A recombinant protein based on trypanosoma cruzi surface molecule gp82 induces apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells","volume":"18","author":"Atayde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106172","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-257172\/v1","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis esp inhibits tumor cell growth by regulating the immune response and inducing apoptosis","volume":"225","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106172","article-title":"Excretory-secretory product of trichinella spiralis inhibits tumor cell growth by regulating the immune response and inducing apoptosis","volume":"225","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-10-3","article-title":"Improvement of different vaccine delivery systems for cancer therapy","volume":"10","author":"Bolhassani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00283","article-title":"Designs of antigen structure and composition for improved protein-based vaccine efficacy","volume":"11","author":"Saylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143368","article-title":"Drug repurposing to enhance antitumor response to pd-1\/pd-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Thuru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2019.04.002","article-title":"Helper-like innate lymphoid cells and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"41","author":"Crinier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6370","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.57828","article-title":"Recent progress in nanomedicine for enhanced cancer chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1076947","article-title":"Crispr-cas13 in malaria parasite: diagnosis and prospective gene function identification","volume":"14","author":"Quansah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-023-01567-w","article-title":"Genetic manipulations in helminth parasites","volume":"47","author":"Lalawmpuii","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116636","article-title":"Crispr-cas9 system: A new-fangled dawn in gene editing","volume":"232","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-022-01534-x","article-title":"Crispr-cas9: taming protozoan parasites with bacterial scissor","volume":"46","author":"Pal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1.4.398","article-title":"The lin-14 locus of caenorhabditis elegans controls the time of expression of specific postembryonic developmental events","volume":"1","author":"Ambros","year":"1987","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR03604G","article-title":"Towards personalised rapid label free mirna detection for cancer and liver injury diagnostics in cell lysates and blood based samples","volume":"10","author":"Duffy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.5173\/ceju.2018.1605","article-title":"Urine mirna as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer detectionor meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Kutwin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Urol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5930951","article-title":"Clinically correlated micrornas in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0359","article-title":"Oncomir or tumor suppressor? The duplicity of micrornas in cancer","volume":"76","author":"Svoronos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210083","article-title":"Mir-21-mediated tumor growth","volume":"26","author":"Si","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt101","article-title":"Serum mir-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer","volume":"105","author":"Toiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer institute"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6488","article-title":"Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small rnas to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity","volume":"5","author":"Buck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.03.001","article-title":"Micrornas of parasitic helminthstonns\u20262-01534- characterization and potential as drug targets","volume":"4","author":"Britton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitology: Drugs Drug Resistance"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86125-1","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica hijacks host macrophage mirna machinery to modulate early innate immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.043","article-title":"Communication by extracellular vesicles: where we are and where we need to go","volume":"164","author":"Tkach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111401","article-title":"Analysis of schistosoma mansoni extracellular vesicles surface glycans reveals potential immune evasion mechanism and new insights on their origins of biogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Dagenais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.12.003","article-title":"The knowns and unknowns of helminthryhur mirna cross-kingdom communication","volume":"40","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02273","article-title":"Mir-21 expression determines the early vaccine immunity induced by ldcen\u2013\/\u2013 immunization","volume":"10","author":"Gannavaram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100328","article-title":"Nematode surface functionalization with hydrogel sheaths tailored in situ","volume":"15","author":"Mubarok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials Today Bio"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20633","article-title":"Helminths and the ibd hygiene hypothesis","volume":"15","author":"Weinstock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflammatory bowel Dis"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4303\/jem\/235910","article-title":"Overcoming evolutionary mismatch by self-treatment with helminths: current practices and experience","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evol Med"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2020.101158","article-title":"Helminth egg automatic detector (Head): improvements in development for digital identification and quantification of helminth eggs and its application online","volume":"7","author":"Jim\u00e9Jim","year":"2020","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009395","article-title":"Comparison of the egg recovery rates and limit of detection for soil-transmitted helminths using the kato-katz thick smear, faecal flotation and quantitative real-time pcr in human stool","volume":"15","author":"Zendejas-Heredia","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07267-9","article-title":"Improving the sensitivity of gastrointestinal helminth detection using the mini-flotac technique in wild birds","volume":"120","author":"Lobos-Ovalle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04197-w","article-title":"The increased sensitivity of qpcr in comparison to kato-katz is required for the accurate assessment of the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection in settings that have received multiple rounds of mass drug administration","volume":"13","author":"Dunn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02106","article-title":"What can parasites tell us about the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma and allergic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Bohnacker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6009","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i33.6009","article-title":"Helminths as an alternative therapy for intestinal diseases","volume":"23","author":"Sipahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.09.015","article-title":"The effect of single and multiple infections on atopy and wheezing in children","volume":"129","author":"Alcantara-Neves","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68697-2","article-title":"Effect of albendazole treatments on the prevalence of atopy in children living in communities endemic for geohelminth parasites: A cluster-randomised trial","volume":"367","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.006","article-title":"Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"125","author":"Bager","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03187.x","article-title":"Safety of hookworm infection in individuals with measurable airway responsiveness: A randomized placebozedness:led feasibility study","volume":"39","author":"Feary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03433.x","article-title":"Experimental hookworm infection: A randomized placebozedal.s:led trial in asthma","volume":"40","author":"Feary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1601-3_12","article-title":"Helminthic therapy: using worms to treat immune-mediated disease","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pathogen-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110002","article-title":"Worm proteins of schistosoma mansoni reduce the severity of experimental chronic colitis in mice by suppressing colonic proinflammatory immune responses","volume":"9","author":"Heylen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/helm-2017-0048","article-title":"Helminth therapy: advances in the use of parasitic worms against inflammatory bowel diseases and its challenges","volume":"55","author":"Maruszewska-Cheruiyot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002184","article-title":"Increased burdens of drug-resistant nematodes due to anthelmintic treatment","volume":"125","author":"Sutherland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.07.008","article-title":"Not infection with parasitic worms, but rather colonization with therapeutic helminths","volume":"192","author":"Parker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0011205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011205","article-title":"A drug repurposing screen for whipworms informed by comparative genomics","volume":"17","author":"Coghlan","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B201","article-title":"Herbal therapy and treatment of worm infections, emphasizing taenia solium","volume":"44","author":"Bizhani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34635","article-title":"Worming their way into the pharmacy: use of worms and worm products to treat inflammatory diseases","volume":"64","author":"Finkelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-007-9346-1","article-title":"Biotechnological challenges of phage therapy","volume":"29","author":"Skurnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1484686\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T05:18:04Z","timestamp":1744607884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1484686\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":203,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1484686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1484686","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"article-number":"1484686"}}