{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:37:47Z","timestamp":1768293467212,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The immunocompromised population is susceptible to <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> pneumonia. The diagnosis and treatment of <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals are challenging clinical endeavors. Previous studies have identified <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> pneumonia as a potential cause of organizing pneumonia (OP), however, the association between <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> pneumonia and OP has not received enough clinical attention. We retrospectively evaluated a case involving <jats:italic>Legionella micdadei<\/jats:italic> infection and OP in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and concurrent Sweet syndrome. The diagnosis of <jats:italic>Legionella micdadei<\/jats:italic> pneumonia was confirmed through various methods: metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS), Giemsa-staining and fluorescence <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization of lung tissue, as well as serum immunofluorescence antibody testing. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue revealed OP. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of antibiotics and low-dose glucocorticoids. In immunocompromised individuals, mNGS was capable of detection non-<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> pneumophila serogroup 1. The pathological examination is important for identifying secondary OP and provides the evidence for treatment with glucocorticoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1510948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T06:38:10Z","timestamp":1740033490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: First report of Legionella micdadei pneumonia and organizing pneumonia in a patient with myelodysplastic and Sweet syndromes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sicong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01252-y","article-title":"Severe Legionnaires' Disease","volume":"14","author":"Rello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1329381","article-title":"Multiple pulmonary cavities in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.1.57","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis following pneumonia due to acute Legionnaires' Disease","volume":"91","author":"Chastre","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Ultrastructural Immunofluorescent Study Chest"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0205-y","article-title":"Organizing pneumonia pattern in the follow-up Ct of legionella-infected patients","volume":"17","author":"Haroon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.03.022","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of legionella species and L. 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Micdadei using conserved primers and multiple probes in a multiplex real-time Pcr assay","volume":"85","author":"Cross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00770-11","article-title":"Legionella micdadei, a new cause of prosthetic joint infection","volume":"49","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cruz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.05.023","article-title":"Detection of legionella species in potting mixes using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (Fish)","volume":"86","author":"Whiley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.10.003","article-title":"Legionnaire's disease and immunosuppressive drugs","volume":"31","author":"Htwe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6839","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2017.6839","article-title":"Advances in rapid identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory: implications for patient care and antimicrobial stewardship programs","volume":"9","author":"Maurer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2116777","article-title":"Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia","volume":"386","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.1.281","article-title":"Fibrosing alveolitis responsive to corticosteroids following Legionnaires' Disease pneumonia","volume":"101","author":"H\u00fcrter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12206","article-title":"Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia in Sweet's syndrome: case report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Tzelepis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00673-4","article-title":"New practical aspects of Sweet syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rct.0000233129.06056.65","article-title":"Computed tomographic features of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in 38 cases","volume":"31","author":"Sakai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1510948\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T06:38:12Z","timestamp":1740033492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1510948\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1510948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1510948","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"article-number":"1510948"}}