{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:55:02Z","timestamp":1792644902293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes (PIRCHE) model is a recently developed algorithm that predicts indirect T-cell recognition by calculating the number of such epitopes in donor-recipient pairs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the clinical significance of PIRCHE was evaluated in pediatric patients with relapsed\/progressed neuroblastoma undergoing haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher PIRCHE-I score was associated with faster platelet recovery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) and lower incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis (13% vs. 41%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.028) and invasive fungal infections (0% vs. 18%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.045). Additionally, a higher PIRCHE-I score was significantly associated with better overall survival (OS) (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.97, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.038). A higher PIRCHE-II score was associated with better OS (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.94, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.028) and reduced progression (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30-0.77, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). When combined, the PIRCHE-I and PIRCHE-II scores demonstrated an even stronger association with improved OS (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.016). Multivariable analysis confirmed that a higher combined PIRCHE-I and PIRCHE-II score was independently associated with improved OS (combined PIRCHE score HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.79, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.021), and a higher PIRCHE-II score was significantly associated with reduced progression (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25-0.70, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, higher PIRCHE-I and PIRCHE-II scores are linked to better survival outcomes and reduced complications in pediatric haplo-SCT neuroblastoma patients. Incorporating PIRCHE scores into donor selection is expected to optimize transplant outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1517387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T07:13:25Z","timestamp":1737530005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predicted indirectly recognizable HLA epitopes scores and clinical outcomes after haploidentical stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with relapsed neuroblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Eun Seop","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Hwa","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Young","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Kyung","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keon Hee","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Young","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Woong","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Won","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Suk","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28127","article-title":"Donor selection in a pediatric stem cell transplantation cohort using PIRCHE and HLA-DPB1 typing","volume":"67","author":"Stenger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2005.09.020","article-title":"Allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell compared with bone marrow transplantation in the management of hematologic Malignancies: an individual patient data meta-analysis of nine randomized trials","volume":"23","author":"Group","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2006.08.001","article-title":"A structurally based approach to determine HLA compatibility at the humoral immune level","volume":"67","author":"Duquesnoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0198-8859(02)00382-8","article-title":"HLAMatchmaker: a molecularly based algorithm for histocompatibility determination. 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