{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:16:22Z","timestamp":1791994582298,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u5b89\u5fbd\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u9879\u76ee"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u5b89\u5fbd\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u9879\u76ee"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease that primarily affects elderly patients. The pathogenesis of BP is complex, involving genetic, immune, and environmental factors. Recent evidence suggests that multiple genomic regions, particularly within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II region, influence susceptibility to BP. Genetically predisposed individuals may carry susceptibility alleles that modulate the immune system, leading to an elevated risk of developing BP when exposed to the appropriate environmental triggers. Here, the present review discusses the genetics of BP and the critical role of the innate immune system in BP pathogenesis, focusing on the composition of innate immune cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1530407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:16:31Z","timestamp":1750220191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Recent advances in the genetics and innate immune cells of bullous pemphigoid"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panling","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaixing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.v21.10","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J cosmet dermatol-us"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)61140-4","article-title":"Pemphigoid diseases","volume":"381","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.011","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"13","author":"Kershenovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.01.029","article-title":"Infectious complications in bullous pemphigoid: an analysis of risk factors","volume":"72","author":"Phoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14869","article-title":"Assessment of relationships between bullous pemphigoid and neurological diseases: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"33","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14852","article-title":"Association between bullous pemphigoid and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.07.007","article-title":"Association between pemphigus and psoriasis: A population-based large-scale study","volume":"77","author":"Kridin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12806","article-title":"Mortality of bullous pemphigoid in Singapore: risk factors and causes of death in 359 patients seen at the National Skin Centre","volume":"170","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00542","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid triggered by thermal burn under medication with a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Mai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01985-y","article-title":"Risk of radiotherapy-associated autoimmune bullous disease among Taiwanese patients with breast cancer: a case-control study","volume":"312","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01030","article-title":"Gliptin accountability in mucous membrane pemphigoid induction in 24 out of 313 patients","volume":"9","author":"Gaudin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101432","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid: trigger\u00a0and predisposing factors","volume":"10","author":"Moro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478012","article-title":"Autoimmunity in the elderly: insights from basic science and clinics - A mini-review","volume":"63","author":"Watad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1556\/eujmi-d-14-00035","article-title":"Ageing and the immune system: focus on macrophages","volume":"5","author":"Linehan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2008.0750","article-title":"Aging and neutrophils: there\u00a0is\u00a0still much to do","volume":"11","author":"Fortin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3228","article-title":"Aging and immune function: molecular mechanisms to interventions","volume":"14","author":"Ponnappan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.02.021","article-title":"The HLA-DQB1*03:01 is associated with bullous pemphigoid in the han chinese population","volume":"138","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.01.015","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to autoimmunity\u2013what have we learned","volume":"23","author":"Rai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.143","article-title":"HLA variation and disease","volume":"18","author":"Dendrou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat\u00a0Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12088","article-title":"HLA and disease: guilt by association","volume":"41","author":"Howell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Immunogenet"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal100","article-title":"Soluble HLA-G promotes Th1-type cytokine production by cytokine-activated uterine and peripheral natural killer cells","volume":"13","author":"van der Meer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.11.014","article-title":"Association of HLA class I and class II alleles with bullous pemphigoid in Chinese Hans","volume":"89","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2018.30.1.8","article-title":"HLA-C*17, DQB1*03:01, DQA1*01:03 and DQA1*05:05 alleles associated to bullous pemphigoid in Brazilian population","volume":"30","author":"Chagury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14091150","article-title":"HLA-Cw6 polymorphism in autoimmune blistering diseases","volume":"14","author":"Ciolfi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02350.x","article-title":"The association of HLA-DQ7 with bullous pemphigoid is restricted to men","volume":"138","author":"Banfield","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb05876.x","article-title":"HLA in bullous pemphigoid. The probable role of HLA-B7 as a marker for poor responders to immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"30","author":"Schaller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15912","article-title":"Prevalence and presumptive triggers of localized bullous pemphigoid","volume":"48","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1159351","article-title":"Worldwide epidemiologic factors in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"14","author":"Rosi-Schumacher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1987.tb01620.x","article-title":"Probable association between HLA-DR5 and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"30","author":"Seignalet","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02141.x","article-title":"Polymorphisms of HLA-DR and -DQ genes in Japanese patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"27","author":"Okazaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01863-9","article-title":"Identification of two novel bullous pemphigoid- associated alleles, HLA-DQA1*05:05 and -DRB1*07:01, in Germans","volume":"16","author":"Schwarm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15616","article-title":"HLA alleles associated to susceptibility to gliptin-associated bullous pemphigoid in Italian patients","volume":"104","author":"Andreani","year":"2024","journal-title":"HLA"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.16.8569","article-title":"A common major histocompatibility complex class II allele HLA-DQB1* 0301 is present in clinical variants of pemphigoid","volume":"93","author":"Delgado","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association between HLA-DQB1*03:01 and Bullous pemphigoid in Iranian patients","volume":"10","author":"Esmaili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01037.x","article-title":"HLA-DR and DQ polymorphisms in bullous pemphigoid from northern China","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39923","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Hesari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.07.002","article-title":"Role of MHC Class II Genes in the pathogenesis of pemphigoid","volume":"11","author":"Zakka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13660","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid and its association with neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17304","article-title":"Coexistence of bullous pemphigoid with neuropsychiatric comorbidities is associated with anti-BP230 seropositivity","volume":"35","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12266","article-title":"Susceptible and protective associations of HLA DRB1*\/DQB1* alleles and haplotypes with ischaemic stroke","volume":"43","author":"Murali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Immunogenet"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3395","article-title":"Class II HLA interactions modulate genetic risk for multiple sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Moutsianas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12960","article-title":"A multi-hit hypothesis of bullous pemphigoid and associated neurological disease: Is HLA-DQB1*03:01, a potential link between immune privileged antigen exposure and epitope spreading","volume":"89","author":"Amber","year":"2017","journal-title":"HLA"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14957","article-title":"Changing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in bullous pemphigoid: it is the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors","volume":"32","author":"Gravani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.2352","article-title":"Association of bullous pemphigoid with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors in patients with diabetes: estimating the risk of the new agents and characterizing the patients","volume":"154","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.11.023","article-title":"HLA-DQB1*03:01 as a biomarker for genetic susceptibility to bullous pemphigoid induced by DPP-4 inhibitors","volume":"138","author":"Ujiie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15778","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-related bullous pemphigoid: A comparative study of 100 patients with bullous pemphigoid and diabetes mellitus","volume":"48","author":"Chanprapaph","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3166","article-title":"Gliptin-associated bullous pemphigoid and the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4\/CD26 in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"99","author":"Lindgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Dermato Venereologica"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evae009","article-title":"The impact of patterns in linkage disequilibrium and sequencing quality on the imprint of balancing selection","volume":"16","author":"Hayeck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2024.110266","article-title":"Exploring the HLA complex in autoimmunity: From the risk haplotypes to the modulation of expression","volume":"265","author":"Sartoris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90636","article-title":"Efficient estimation for\u00a0large-scale linkage disequilibrium patterns of the human genome","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.04.017","article-title":"Association of genetic variants of HLA-DQA1 with bullous pemphigoid induced by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors","volume":"143","author":"Ozeki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12732","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 8 gene are associated with susceptibility to bullous pemphigoid in the German population","volume":"24","author":"Hirose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.05.004","article-title":"Allelic and copy-number variations of Fc\u03b3Rs affect granulocyte function and susceptibility for autoimmune blistering diseases","volume":"61","author":"Recke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1842-8","article-title":"Haplotypes of ABCB1 1236C\u2009>T (rs1128503), 2677G\u2009>T\/A (rs2032582), and 3435C\u2009>T (rs1045642) in patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"310","author":"Rychlik-Sych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06938.x","article-title":"Cytokine gene polymorphisms in bullous pemphigoid in a Chinese population","volume":"154","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00636","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"10","author":"Tabatabaei-Panah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.824110","article-title":"IL-13 genetic susceptibility to bullous pemphigoid: A potential target for treatment and a prognostic marker","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2020.1832113","article-title":"Association between TH2 cytokine gene polymorphisms and risk of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"51","author":"Tabatabaei-Panah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1519","article-title":"TH17\/IL23 cytokine gene polymorphisms in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"8","author":"Tabatabaei-Panah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomic Med"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209789105162","article-title":"Prediction of MHC-peptide binding: a systematic and comprehensive overview","volume":"15","author":"Lafuente","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-061020-053702","article-title":"Cytokine regulation and function in T cells","volume":"39","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03901.x","article-title":"Frequency analysis of autoreactive T-helper 1 and 2 cells in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris by enzyme-linked immunospot assay","volume":"143","author":"Eming","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.912876","article-title":"Insights into the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid: the role of complement-independent mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Cole","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2376","article-title":"IL-13 is required for eosinophil entry into the lung during respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease","volume":"180","author":"Castilow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.10.5050","article-title":"Associations between IL-13 and IL-4 (mRNA and protein), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, and the infiltration of eosinophils, macrophages, and T cells in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous reactions in atopic subjects","volume":"158","author":"Ying","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50283-3","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics analysis of bullous pemphigoid unveils immune-stromal crosstalk in type 2 inflammatory disease","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594735","article-title":"The IL-23\/IL-17 pathway in inflammatory skin diseases: from bench to bedside","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1144429","article-title":"Adaptive and innate immune pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid: A review","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110694","article-title":"Immune cells in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous Pemphigoid: From pathogenic roles to targeting therapies","volume":"123","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.40.9.948","article-title":"The HLA system: structure and function","volume":"40","author":"Bodmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555565913","article-title":"HLA-DR-antigen bearing keratinocytes in various dermatologic disorders","volume":"65","author":"Smolle","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3303","article-title":"Contribution of Langerhans cell-derived IL-18 to contact hypersensitivity","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.955369","article-title":"Interleukin-18 and IL-18BP in inflammatory dermatological diseases","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.07.012","article-title":"Dendritic cell recruitment and activation in autoimmunity","volume":"85","author":"Sozzani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1373","article-title":"Human dendritic cells: potent antigen-presenting cells at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"175","author":"Rossi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507052112","article-title":"RNA sensing by conventional dendritic cells is central to the development of lupus nephritis","volume":"112","author":"Celhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38338","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, a novel proinflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis that potently activates CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells to attract and stimulate T cells","volume":"66","author":"Moret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1197","article-title":"Dendritic cells permit immune invasion of the CNS in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Greter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R15","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1864","article-title":"Enumeration and phenotypical analysis of distinct dendritic cell subsets in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Jongbloed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12525315","article-title":"Mononuclear cell infiltrates in bullous disease","volume":"88","author":"Nestor","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4594630","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is implicated in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid by dendritic cells","volume":"2020","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448","article-title":"Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation","volume":"8","author":"Mosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","article-title":"The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"25","author":"Mantovani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132532","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective","volume":"27","author":"Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nri978","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Gordon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.02.029","article-title":"Single-cell profiling unveils the inflammatory heterogeneity within cutaneous lesions of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"144","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20810","article-title":"Pathologically expanded peripheral T helper cell subset drives B cells in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"542","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.263","article-title":"Innate immune cell-produced IL-17 sustains inflammation in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"134","author":"Le Jan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18001","article-title":"Integrating longitudinal serum IL-17 and IL-23 follow-up, along with autoantibodies variation, contributes to predict bullous pemphigoid outcome","volume":"5","author":"Pl\u00e9e","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.012","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid outcome is associated with CXCL10-induced matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion from monocytes and neutrophils but not lymphocytes","volume":"139","author":"Riani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3987","article-title":"Macrophages, but not T and B lymphocytes, are critical for subepidermal blister formation in experimental bullous pemphigoid: macrophage-mediated neutrophil infiltration depends on mast cell activation","volume":"169","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)00087-8","article-title":"The serpin alpha1-proteinase inhibitor is a critical substrate for gelatinase B\/MMP-9 in vivo","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000090385","article-title":"Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in lesional skin of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"139","author":"Niimi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01521.x","article-title":"Respective contribution of neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the degradation of BP180 (type XVII collagen) in human bullous pemphigoid","volume":"117","author":"Verraes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.151","article-title":"Inhibition of plasmin attenuates murine acute graft-versus-host disease mortality by suppressing the matrix metalloproteinase-9-dependent inflammatory cytokine storm and effector cell trafficking","volume":"29","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01972","article-title":"IL-23\/IL-17 axis activates IL-1\u03b2-associated inflammasome in macrophages and generates an auto-inflammatory response in a subgroup of patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"10","author":"Le Jan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.09.003","article-title":"IL-17A is functionally relevant and a potential therapeutic target in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"96","author":"Chakievska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02107","article-title":"Characteristic pattern of IL-17RA, IL-17RB, and IL-17RC in monocytes\/macrophages and mast cells from patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"10","author":"Nesmond","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15713","article-title":"Possible roles of CXCL13\/CXCR5 axis in the development of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"48","author":"Ohuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.01.023","article-title":"CCL18 - beyond chemotaxis","volume":"109","author":"Chenivesse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1204712","article-title":"Involvement of CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) in normal and pathological processes","volume":"78","author":"Schutyser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08979.x","article-title":"CCL18 is expressed in patients with bullous pemphigoid and parallels disease course","volume":"160","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3024","article-title":"Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"11","author":"Mantovani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci119639","article-title":"A major role for neutrophils in experimental bullous pemphigoid","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3398","article-title":"Role of FcRs in animal model of autoimmune bullous pemphigoid","volume":"177","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2011.09.003","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase cleaves the murine hemidesmosomal protein BP180\/type XVII collagen and generates degradation products that modulate experimental bullous pemphigoid","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci3693","article-title":"A critical role for neutrophil elastase in experimental bullous pemphigoid","volume":"105","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.3.475","article-title":"Gelatinase B-deficient mice are resistant to experimental bullous pemphigoid","volume":"188","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2157","article-title":"NADPH oxidase is required for neutrophil-dependent autoantibody-induced tissue damage","volume":"212","author":"Chiriac","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.8841","article-title":"Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens","volume":"97","author":"Nathan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13376","article-title":"Monocytes enhance neutrophil-induced blister formation in an ex vivo model of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"73","author":"de Graauw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100145R","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immune dysregulation in bullous pemphigoid via inducing B-cell differentiation and antibody production","volume":"35","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1128154","article-title":"The cytokine milieu of bullous pemphigoid: Current and novel therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Maglie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14166","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid associated with psoriasis showing marked neutrophilic infiltrates","volume":"19","author":"Inamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01720.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies to bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin","volume":"118","author":"Sitaru","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(87)80227-x","article-title":"Blood eosinophilia as a severity marker for bullous pemphigoid","volume":"16","author":"Bernard","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2020.01.005","article-title":"Correlation of dermal and blood eosinophilia with bullous pemphigoid disease severity","volume":"6","author":"Farnaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s0031-0808.20.03997-x","article-title":"Eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"63","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.060","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms of itch in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"83","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16679","article-title":"Peripheral eosinophilia in bullous pemphigoid: prevalence and influence on the clinical manifestation","volume":"179","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13131","article-title":"Evidence for a role of eosinophils in blister formation in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"72","author":"de Graauw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04687-5","article-title":"Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP), a predictive marker of bullous pemphigoid severity and outcome","volume":"7","author":"Giusti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900055","article-title":"Eosinophil ribonucleases and their cutaneous lesion-forming activity","volume":"183","author":"Plager","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13782","article-title":"Mechanisms of pathogenic effects of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin on human keratinocytes","volume":"27","author":"Amber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1992.tb03224.x","article-title":"Eosinophil phenotypes in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"19","author":"Tsuda","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16996","article-title":"IgE autoantibodies in serum and skin of non-bullous and bullous pemphigoid patients","volume":"35","author":"Lamberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00201","article-title":"The role of eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid: A developing model of eosinophil pathogenicity in mucocutaneous disease","volume":"5","author":"Amber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.01.009","article-title":"Potent synergistic effect of IL-3 and TNF on matrix metalloproteinase 9 generation by human eosinophils","volume":"58","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-004945","article-title":"Eosinophils are a major intravascular location for tissue factor storage and exposure","volume":"109","author":"Moosbauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08880.x","article-title":"Activation of blood coagulation in bullous pemphigoid: role of eosinophils, and local and systemic implications","volume":"160","author":"Marzano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12464","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein levels parallel coagulation activation in the blister fluid of patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"29","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.002","article-title":"Eosinophil extracellular DNA traps in skin diseases","volume":"127","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02331","article-title":"The intersection of igE autoantibodies and eosinophilia in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"10","author":"Messingham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.03.014","article-title":"Increased expression of Th2-associated chemokines in bullous pemphigoid disease. Role of eosinophils in the production and release of these chemokines","volume":"120","author":"Gounni Abdelilah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04464.x","article-title":"Up-regulation of CCL11 and CCL26 is associated with activated eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"166","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2951","article-title":"Eosinophils are a major source of interleukin-31 in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"98","author":"R\u00fcdrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01383","article-title":"Role of the pruritic cytokine IL-31 in autoimmune skin diseases","volume":"10","author":"Gibbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12806","article-title":"Substance P and eosinophils: an itchy connection","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1052","article-title":"Basophils infiltrate skin lesions of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji\u2019s disease)","volume":"91","author":"Satoh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Dermato Venereologica"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12505711","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid, an ultrastructural study of the inflammatory response: eosinophil, basophil and mast cell granule changes in multiple biopsies from one patient","volume":"78","author":"Dvorak","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12875","article-title":"Human basophils are a source of - and are differentially activated by - IL-31","volume":"47","author":"Raap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2188487","article-title":"Targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13: a novel therapeutic approach in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2022.4269","article-title":"Dual role of basophils in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid elucidated by pathological and ultrastructural studies [J]","volume":"32","author":"Kimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18220","article-title":"Updated S2 K guidelines for the management of bullous pemphigoid initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV)","volume":"36","author":"Borradori","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"20","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-023-08973-1","article-title":"Advancing treatment in bullous pemphigoid: A comprehensive review of novel therapeutic targets and approaches","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01566.x","article-title":"Receptor binding mode and pharmacological characterization of a potent and selective dual CXCR1\/CXCR2 non-competitive allosteric inhibitor","volume":"165","author":"Bertini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1050373","article-title":"Paradoxical phenomena of bullous pemphigoid induced and treated by identical biologics","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14291","article-title":"Adjuvant treatment with secukinumab induced long term remission in a patient with severe bullous pemphigoid","volume":"18","author":"Holtsche","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16189","article-title":"Incidental amelioration of bullous pemphigoid during ixekizumab treatment for psoriasis","volume":"49","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16559","article-title":"Ixekizumab successfully treated refractory psoriasis concurrent bullous pemphigoid","volume":"50","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14760","article-title":"Secukinumab decreased circulating anti-BP180-NC16a autoantibodies in a patient with coexisting psoriasis vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"46","author":"Kamata","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14002","article-title":"A successful treatment with ustekinumab in a case of relapsing bullous pemphigoid associated with psoriasis","volume":"31","author":"Loget","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2018-001849","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid induced by ustekinumab: a case report","volume":"28","author":"Marin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13263","article-title":"Successful treatment of recalcitrant lichen planus pemphigoides with tildrakizumab","volume":"61","author":"Kerkemeyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)30560-3","article-title":"Doxycycline versus prednisolone as an initial treatment strategy for bullous pemphigoid: a pragmatic, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01454","article-title":"Proteases in pemphigoid diseases","volume":"10","author":"Hiroyasu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13950","article-title":"Mepolizumab failed to affect bullous pemphigoid: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2 pilot study","volume":"75","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-021-00619-1","article-title":"Successful induction treatment of bullous pemphigoid using reslizumab: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Rhyou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.738907","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in moderate-to-severe bullous pemphigoid","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.611549","article-title":"Case report: combination of omalizumab and dupilumab for recalcitrant bullous pemphigoid","volume":"11","author":"Seyed Jafari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1165106","article-title":"Anti-interleukin 4 receptor \u03b1 antibody for the treatment of Chinese bullous pemphigoid patients with diverse comorbidities and a 1-year follow-up: a monocentric real-world study","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.221036","article-title":"The C5a receptor on mast cells is critical for the autoimmune skin-blistering disease bullous pemphigoid","volume":"286","author":"Heimbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.1156","article-title":"Evaluation of nomacopan for treatment of bullous pemphigoid: A phase 2a nonrandomized controlled trial","volume":"158","author":"Sadik","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cm9.0000000000001312","article-title":"Blockade of complement activation in bullous pemphigoid by using recombinant CD55-CD46 fusion protein","volume":"134","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1530407\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:16:33Z","timestamp":1750220193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1530407\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":165,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1530407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1530407","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"article-number":"1530407"}}