{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:38:46Z","timestamp":1777527526889,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome marked by the accumulation of disease-specific proteins and immune dysregulation, including autoimmune mechanisms involving autoantibodies. Current diagnostic methods are often invasive, time-consuming, or costly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explores the use of proteome-wide autoantibody screening (PWAbS) for noninvasive dementia diagnosis by analyzing serum samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and age-matched cognitively normal individuals (CNIs). Serum samples from 35 subjects were analyzed utilizing our original wet protein arrays displaying more than 13,000 human proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PWAbS revealed elevated gross autoantibody levels in AD and DLB patients compared to CNIs. A total of 229 autoantibodies were differentially elevated in AD and\/or DLB, effectively distinguishing between patient groups. Machine learning models showed high accuracy in classifying AD, DLB, and CNIs. Gene ontology analysis highlighted autoantibodies targeting neuroactive ligands\/receptors in AD and lipid metabolism proteins in DLB. Notably, autoantibodies targeting neuropeptide B (NPB) and adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F5 (ADGRF5) showed significant correlations with clinical traits including Mini Mental State Examination scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study demonstrates the potential of PWAbS and artificial intelligence integration as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for dementia, uncovering biomarkers that could enhance understanding of disease mechanisms. Limitations include demographic differences, small sample size, and lack of external validation. Future research should involve longitudinal observation in larger, diverse cohorts and functional studies to clarify autoantibodies' roles in dementia pathogenesis and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1537659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T05:26:23Z","timestamp":1746681983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Artificial intelligence and omics-based autoantibody profiling in dementia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kazuki M.","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Umeda-Kameyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Iwadoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Miyawaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsutaka","family":"Yakabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumito","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Akishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Yoshizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13552","article-title":"Development of a novel convenient Alzheimer\u2019s disease assessment scale, the ABC Dementia Scale, using item response theory","volume":"19","author":"Umeda-Kameyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190767","article-title":"ABC dementia scale classifies Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients into subgroups characterized by activities of daily living, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and cognitive function","volume":"73","author":"Wada-Isoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202545","article-title":"Screening of Alzheimer\u2019s disease by facial complexion using artificial intelligence","volume":"13","author":"Umeda-Kameyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.032","article-title":"Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"186","author":"Wilson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0150","article-title":"Association between genetic traits for immune-mediated diseases and Alzheimer disease","volume":"73","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0469","article-title":"Genome-wide pleiotropy between Parkinson disease and autoimmune diseases","volume":"74","author":"Witoelar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70065-1","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study","volume":"13","author":"Ferrari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01575-7","article-title":"Pathogenetic role of autoantibodies in neurological diseases","volume":"23","author":"Archelos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.08.024","article-title":"Add Alzheimer\u2019s disease to the list of autoimmune diseases","volume":"64","author":"D\u2019Andrea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.09.005","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease, autoimmunity and inflammation. 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