{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:03:59Z","timestamp":1783350239536,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the increasing challenge of antibiotic resistance, polymyxin E is considered a last-line treatment option for infections caused by highly resistant bacteria. However, its use may lead to various adverse reactions, such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and allergic reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study describes a case of polymyxin E-associated leukopenia in a 50-year-old female treated for <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection. During polymyxin E therapy, the patient developed leukopenia, with white blood cell (WBC) counts declining from 5.65\u00d710<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L to 0.91\u00d710<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L. The condition resolved progressively after the cessation of polymyxin E. The Naranjo scale yielded a score of 7 for polymyxin E-associated leukopenia, while other medications scored \u22640. The WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) causality classification system categorized the relationship as \u2018probable.\u2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that polymyxin E likely induces leukopenia, emphasizing the need for rigorous WBC monitoring during treatment and prompt discontinuation when hematologic abnormalities emerge to minimize patient health risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1537972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:34:15Z","timestamp":1755149655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case Report: Polymyxin E-associated reversible 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