{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1782860836612,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus constellatus<\/jats:italic>, recognized as a commensal bacterium, has the potential to induce severe infections in patients with immunodeficiency. Here, we reported a rare case of <jats:italic>Streptococcus constellatus<\/jats:italic> infection that manifested as gelatinous pleural effusion in a patient with HIV. Although the effusion was gelatinous and partially encapsulated, it was completely resolved with timely administration of antibiotics, thereby eliminating the necessity for thoracic drainage, urokinase injection, or surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1545165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T07:02:14Z","timestamp":1742281334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case Report: Infection with Streptococcus constellatus manifesting as gelatinous pleural effusion in an HIV-positive patient"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhongxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibing","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4321\/s0212-71992001001200016","article-title":"Disseminated infection due to Streptococcus constellatus in an HIV patient with negative viral load","volume":"18","author":"Coll Crespo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anales Med Intern (Madrid Spain: 1984)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06703-6","article-title":"Case report of an unusual hepatic abscess caused by Actinomyces odontolyticus in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"21","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-023-00587-z","article-title":"Empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus in a patient infected with HIV: a case report and literature review","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e941263","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.941263","article-title":"Gelatinous pleural effusion: A diagnostic challenge for pleural mesothelioma in an 80-year-old man","volume":"24","author":"Ibnian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.338","article-title":"Streptococcus constellatus causing brain abscess identified by metagenomics next-generation sequencing","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Infections"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475517721817","article-title":"Streptococcus constellatus causing multiple liver abscesses: an elusive pathogen","volume":"48","author":"Datta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Doctor"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2023.100272","article-title":"Streptococcus constellatus pneumonia invading the chest wall: A rare presentation","volume":"5","author":"Navarro-Esteva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Respir Archives"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S382484","article-title":"The clinical features and management of empyema caused by streptococcus constellatus","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection Drug Resistance"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33458","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033458","article-title":"Descending necrotizing mediastinitis caused by Streptococcus constellatus: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"102","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37201\/req","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease by Streptococcus constellatus. 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