{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:01:04Z","timestamp":1793325664308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), also known as radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA), is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder frequently associated with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Both conditions share a strong association with the genetic risk factor, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. However, the immunophenotype underlying HLA-B27-associated AS and\/or AAU pathophysiology remains known. Using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes (CITE-Seq) in a well-characterized cohort of 25 subjects\u2014including AS (HLA-B27<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>), AS+AAU (HLA-B27<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>), AAU (HLA-B27<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>), HCs (HLA-B27<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>), and HCs (HLA-B27<jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>); <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 5\/group\u2014we identified transcriptomic differences at the single-cell level, along with differentially expressed cell surface markers. Our study elucidates both shared and distinct immune alterations linked to HLA-B27 and disease. Furthermore, we employed sparse decomposition of arrays (SDA) analysis, an unsupervised machine learning method, to examine the high-dimensional transcriptional landscape of our data and identify complex and nonlinear relationships. Our study identified HLA-B27- and disease-specific transcriptomic differences in AS and AAU. The immune profiles of AS+AAU closely resembled those of AS, suggesting AS plays a dominant role in immune dysregulation. SDA analysis further revealed dysregulated B-cell maturation and activation in AS subjects, whereas AAU subjects exhibited an enrichment of cytotoxic effector function in T and NK cells. However, both AS and AAU exhibited myeloid cell activation, a key process in initiating and sustaining inflammation. Additionally, both AS and AAU subjects showed a dampening in homeostatic function, i.e., the balance between identifying and actively eliminating foreign pathogens while preventing an immune response against self-antigens, suggesting that inflammation may arise from immune dysregulation. In conclusion, our results highlight overlapping myeloid effector involvement, along with distinct immunophenotypic responses, such as a decrease in naive B cells in AS subjects and a reduction in the CD8\/NK cell population in AAU subjects. These results highlight a distinct set of immune mediators driving AS and AAU pathogenesis. Future studies incorporating HLA-B27-negative AS and AAU patients, along with validation of B-cell and myeloid dysfunction in these diseases, may provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1546429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T09:35:31Z","timestamp":1741340131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Divergent B-cell and cytotoxic TNK cell activation signatures in HLA-B27-associated ankylosing spondylitis and acute anterior uveitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Eisa","family":"Mahyari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Davin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Ogle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Fale-Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carley","family":"Shaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasvinder S.","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Suhler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Deodhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Rosenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejpal","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406182","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"374","author":"Taurog","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.02.007","article-title":"Recognizing axial spondyloarthritis: A guide for primary care","volume":"95","author":"Magrey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203582","article-title":"Prevalence of extra-articular manifestations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Stolwijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.08.012","article-title":"Gut inflammation in spondyloarthritis","volume":"31","author":"Rizzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.09.014","article-title":"The eye in spondyloarthritis(\u2606)","volume":"49","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720x20975915","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X20975915","article-title":"Skin manifestations in spondyloarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Meier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2016.1175642","article-title":"Review for disease of the year: epidemiology of HLA-B27 associated ocular disorders","volume":"24","author":"Kopplin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflammation"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100519","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis epidemiology in England from 2004 to 2020: An observational study using primary care electronic health record data","volume":"23","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91360-3","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and HL-A 27","volume":"1","author":"Brewerton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91090-8","article-title":"Acute anterior uveitis and HLA 27","volume":"2","author":"Brewerton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181637a38","article-title":"HLA-B27 and its pathogenic role","volume":"14","author":"Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/336484a0","article-title":"HIV-1 gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes defined with recombinant vaccinia virus and synthetic peptides","volume":"336","author":"Nixon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90019-X","article-title":"The epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be defined with short synthetic peptides","volume":"44","author":"Townsend","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.v52:11","article-title":"Expansion and enhanced survival of natural killer cells expressing the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL2 in spondylarthritis","volume":"52","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425724","article-title":"Crystal structures and KIR3DL1 recognition of three immunodominant viral peptides complexed to HLA-B*2705","volume":"35","author":"Stewart-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4379","article-title":"Uniquely conformed peptide-containing \u03b22-microglobulin- free heavy chains of HLA-B2705 on the cell surface1","volume":"169","author":"Malik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev245","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis patients display altered dendritic cell and T cell populations that implicate pathogenic roles for the IL-23 cytokine axis and intestinal inflammation","volume":"55","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2017.11","article-title":"Epigenetic and gene expression analysis of ankylosing spondylitis-associated loci implicate immune cells and the gut in the disease pathogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.09.012","article-title":"Revising the diagnosis of idiopathic uveitis by peripheral blood transcriptomics","volume":"222","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74913","article-title":"Transcriptome network analysis implicates CX3CR1-positive type 3 dendritic cells in non-infectious uveitis","volume":"12","author":"Hiddingh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40405","article-title":"Effects of HLA-B27 on gut microbiota in experimental spondyloarthritis implicate an ecological model of dysbiosis","volume":"70","author":"Gill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38967","article-title":"Brief report: intestinal dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"67","author":"Costello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.965634","article-title":"Axial spondyloarthritis patients have altered mucosal IgA response to oral and fecal microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Gill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22677","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic phenotype in patients with acute anterior uveitis","volume":"59","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0097-2","article-title":"The microbiome and HLA-B27-associated acute\u00a0anterior uveitis","volume":"14","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.v71.10","article-title":"HLA alleles associated with risk of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis influence the gut microbiome","volume":"71","author":"Asquith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.838636","article-title":"Single cell transcriptome and surface epitope analysis of ankylosing spondylitis facilitates disease classification by machine learning","volume":"13","author":"Alber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17159","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq reveals altered NK cell subsets and reduced levels of cytotoxic molecules in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"26","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42476","article-title":"Analysis of single-cell transcriptome and surface protein expression in ankylosing spondylitis identifies OX40-positive and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-positive pathogenic Th17 cells","volume":"75","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.6.3","article-title":"Genomewide association study of acute anterior uveitis identifies new susceptibility loci","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.2018.70.issue-11","article-title":"Characterization of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis in the US-based corrona registry","volume":"70","author":"Mease","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2020.03.005","article-title":"Naming HLA diversity: A review of HLA nomenclature","volume":"82","author":"Hurley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","article-title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","volume":"184","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.053","article-title":"Gut microbiota perturbation in igA deficiency is influenced by igA-autoantibody status","volume":"160","author":"Moll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Society: Ser B (Methodological)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3624","article-title":"Tensor decomposition for multiple-tissue gene expression experiments","volume":"48","author":"Hore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.09.001","article-title":"Comparative single-cell analysis of biopsies clarifies pathogenic mechanisms in Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Mahyari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-01020-z","article-title":"Using clusterProfiler to characterize multiomics data","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz931","article-title":"ShinyGO: a graphical gene-set enrichment tool for animals and plants","volume":"36","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.835760","article-title":"Combined single cell transcriptome and surface epitope profiling identifies potential biomarkers of psoriatic arthritis and facilitates diagnosis via machine learning","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/35057062","article-title":"Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome","volume":"409","author":"Lander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0564-x","article-title":"Open questions: How many genes do we have","volume":"16","author":"Salzberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06490-x","article-title":"The status of the human gene catalogue","volume":"622","author":"Amaral","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.07.013","article-title":"HLA-B27 misfolding and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"57","author":"Colbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05501-7","article-title":"Autoimmunity-associated T cell receptors recognize HLA-B*27-bound peptides","volume":"612","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00125","article-title":"Exploring the homeostatic and sensory roles of the immune system","volume":"7","author":"Marques","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00255","article-title":"Regulation of NKT cell localization in homeostasis and infection","volume":"6","author":"Slauenwhite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109686","article-title":"AXL(+)SIGLEC6(+) dendritic cells in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues of patients with autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS","volume":"253","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11555","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen B27-negative axial spondyloarthritis: what do we know","volume":"5","author":"Deodhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42658","article-title":"Shared and distinct gut microbiota in spondyloarthritis, acute anterior uveitis, and crohn's disease","volume":"76","author":"Essex","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.174776","article-title":"Mucosal signatures of pathogenic T cells in HLA-B*27+ anterior uveitis and axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"9","author":"Paley","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208902","article-title":"IL-7 primes IL-17 in mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which contribute to the Th17-axis in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"75","author":"Gracey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00469-5","article-title":"Mucosal-associated invariant T cells have therapeutic potential against ocular autoimmunity","volume":"15","author":"Yamana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507931","article-title":"Activation, deficiency, and reduced IFN-\u03b3 Production of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Ju","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0327-1","article-title":"The pro-inflammatory phenotype of the human non-classical monocyte subset is attributed to senescence","volume":"9","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02623-7","article-title":"Monocyte transcriptomes from patients with axial spondyloarthritis reveal dysregulated monocytopoiesis and a distinct inflammatory imprint","volume":"23","author":"Karow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01773","article-title":"The phenotype of monocytes in anterior uveitis depends on the HLA-B27 status","volume":"9","author":"Kasper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13886","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13886","article-title":"Non-Classical monocytes display inflammatory features: Validation in Sepsis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous","volume":"5","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12184","article-title":"Aberrant distribution and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis are associated with unfolded protein response","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13235","article-title":"Decreased levels of T follicular helper (CD4+CXCR5+) cells and CD27+CD38+ and CD27+CD38\u2013 B cells in ankylosing spondylitis patients correlate with markers of inflammation","volume":"97","author":"Lejon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.09.003","article-title":"Peripheral B-cell activation and exhaustion markers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"93","author":"Niu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.v292.1","article-title":"Impaired B-cell tolerance checkpoints promote the development of autoimmune diseases and pathogenic autoantibodies","volume":"292","author":"Meffre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.2","article-title":"Involvement of B cells in non-infectious uveitis","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13325","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413325","article-title":"B cell involvement in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"22","author":"Wilbrink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.686273","article-title":"CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-cells are increased in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Wilbrink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003996","article-title":"IL-32\u03b3 Induces the maturation of dendritic cells with th1- and th17-polarizing ability through enhanced IL-12 and IL-6 production","volume":"186","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.005","article-title":"The role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU)","volume":"23","author":"Dick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.06.041","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 promotes the induction of retinal autoimmune disease","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken489","article-title":"Involvement of Th17 cells and the effect of anti-IL-6 therapy in autoimmune uveitis","volume":"48","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.02.023","article-title":"Intravitreal injection of anti-Interleukin (IL)-6 antibody attenuates experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice","volume":"96","author":"Tode","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.16.12.1202.5034","article-title":"Chemokines in acute anterior uveitis","volume":"16","author":"Verma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"B73","article-title":"Expression of CC chemokines and their receptors in the eye in autoimmune anterior uveitis associated with EAE","volume":"42","author":"Adamus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1546429\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T09:35:37Z","timestamp":1741340137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1546429\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1546429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1546429","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"article-number":"1546429"}}