{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:21:21Z","timestamp":1789723281407,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011684","name":"Crohn's and Colitis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016036","name":"Health~Holland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease (CD). Despite its efficacy, non-response to VDZ is common in clinical practice with no clear understanding of how it manifests. Here, we performed an exploratory study characterizing the cellular repertoire of responders and non-responders to VDZ during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from CD patients on VDZ treatment that were either steroid-free responder (N = 4) or non-responder (N = 4). Response was defined as \u22653 drop in Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn\u2019s Disease (SES-CD) in combination with a \u226550% reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin and\/or a \u22653 point drop in Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI). Single-cell repertoires were characterized using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) and mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-responders to VDZ presented more T cells, but fewer myeloid cells, with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) being the most notably lower among non-responders. At a transcriptional level we observed that T-cell expression of genes involved in for Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways were decreased among non-responders. Similarly, non-responder-derived classical monocytes presented lower expression of genes involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor signaling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-response to VDZ during treatment is associated with differences in abundance and expression among T and myeloid cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1551017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T04:10:19Z","timestamp":1755231019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An exploratory single-cell analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vedolizumab-treated Crohn\u2019s disease patients identifies response-associated differences among the plasmacytoid dendritic cells and classical monocytes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Andrew Yung Fong","family":"Li Yim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishtu","family":"Hageman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent W.","family":"Joustra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M. 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