{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:44:14Z","timestamp":1792651454371,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IgSF) represents a vital protein family widely distributed in animal genomes, encompassing multifunctional proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains, including immunoglobulins. These proteins play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as development, differentiation, adhesion, activation, regulation, and signal transduction. While the functions of IgSF in vertebrates are relatively well understood, their roles in invertebrates remain underexplored. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the functions and mechanisms of IgSF in invertebrates, focusing on arthropods, mollusks, and other primitive phyla. In arthropods, research on IgSF has primarily emphasized its roles in the nervous system, especially in axonal and synaptic regulation, and its critical functions in the immune system. Studies in mollusks have predominantly highlighted the immunological functions of IgSF in pathogen recognition, clearance responses, and signal transduction. In contrast, research on protozoa and platyhelminths has mainly focused on identifying IgSF molecules, with relatively limited insights into their functional roles. In sponges, IgSF is primarily associated with cell adhesion and intercellular recognition. By exploring the genetic and protein structural diversity of IgSF in invertebrates, this review reveals their multifunctionality and complexity in biological systems. It not only enhances our understanding of the roles of IgSF in invertebrates but also lays the groundwork for future studies on their potential applications in evolutionary biology and disease models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1552151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T06:40:00Z","timestamp":1743576000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingzhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuncheng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keda","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0240-5","article-title":"Phylotranscriptomic consolidation of the jawed vertebrate timetree","volume":"1","author":"Irisarri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05136-8","article-title":"The oldest complete jawed vertebrates from the early Silurian of China","volume":"609","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.001","article-title":"The evolution of adaptive immune systems","volume":"124","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.2016.148.issue-2","article-title":"Innate immunity in vertebrates: an overview","volume":"148","author":"Riera Romo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.02.004","article-title":"Invertebrate host responses to microsporidia infections","volume":"83","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.05.003","article-title":"Aging and longevity in the simplest animals and the quest for immortality","volume":"16","author":"Petralia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050087","article-title":"Genetic study of the extent and consequences of sexual and asexual reproduction in the deep-sea epizoic anemones Amphianthus inornata and Kadosactis commensalis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)","volume":"128","author":"Bronsdon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2407051","article-title":"Genetic variability in the deep sea: relation to environmental variability","author":"Gooch","year":"1972","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315415000831","article-title":"Staying well connected\u2013Lithistid sponges on seamounts","volume":"96","author":"Ekins","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mar Biol Assoc United Kingdom"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75452-4","article-title":"Drivers of tropical soil invertebrate community composition and richness across tropical secondary forests using DNA metasystematics","volume":"10","author":"McGee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2005.38.2.128","article-title":"Recent advances in the innate immunity of invertebrate animals","volume":"38","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.10.068","article-title":"The putative immune recognition repertoire of the model cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus is large and diverse","volume":"684","author":"Z\u00e1rate-Potes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.05.010","article-title":"Neural immunoglobulin superfamily interaction networks","volume":"45","author":"Zinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207374119","article-title":"A family of unusual immunoglobulin superfamily genes in an invertebrate histocompatibility complex","volume":"119","author":"Huene","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203053545426","article-title":"Immunomodulatory peptides from IgSF proteins: a review","volume":"6","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elm032","article-title":"IG, TR and IgSF, MHC and MhcSF: what do we learn from the IMGT Colliers de Perles","volume":"6","author":"Kaas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006318","article-title":"The immunoglobulin superfamily: an insight on its tissular, species, and functional diversity","volume":"46","author":"Halaby","year":"1998","journal-title":". J Mol Evol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00378","article-title":"Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules and their role in neuronal development and synapse regulation","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(91)90033-U","article-title":"Immunoglobulin superfamily molecules in the nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Yoshihara","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.03.031","article-title":"Immune diversity in lophotrochozoans, with a focus on recognition and effector systems","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-46530-8_6","article-title":"Rules for the rearrangement events at the L chain gene loci of the mouse","volume":"596","author":"Melchers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1058877","article-title":"Immunoglobulin VDJ repertoires reveal hallmarks of germinal centers in unique cell clusters isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio) lymphoid tissues","volume":"13","author":"Waly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.v160.3","article-title":"V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulins: mechanism and regulation","volume":"160","author":"Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-023-01319-3","article-title":"Genomic view of the origins of cell-mediated immunity","volume":"75","author":"Janes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-021-00156-2","article-title":"Population-specific diversity of the immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain (IGHG) genes","volume":"22","author":"Bashirova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002197","article-title":"A systematic CRISPR screen reveals redundant and specific roles for Dscam1 isoform diversity in neuronal wiring","volume":"21","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn087","article-title":"The Dscam homologue of the crustacean Daphnia is diversified by alternative splicing like in insects","volume":"25","author":"Brites","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.02.014","article-title":"Dephosphorylation and internalization of cell adhesion molecule L1 induced by theta burst stimulation in rat hippocampus","volume":"29","author":"Itoh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088069","article-title":"Diversification of Ig superfamily genes in an invertebrate","volume":"305","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110618","article-title":"Affinity requirements for control of synaptic targeting and neuronal cell survival by heterophilic IgSF cell adhesion molecules","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.06.040188.002121","article-title":"The immunoglobulin superfamily\u2013domains for cell surface recognition","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2009.12.007","article-title":"In search of the origin of FREPs: characterization of Aplysia californica fibrinogen-related proteins","volume":"34","author":"Gorbushin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59674-2_9","article-title":"Immunoglobulin isotypes: structure, function, and genetics","volume":"248","author":"Bengt\u00e9n","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.06.011","article-title":"Detection of new allotypic variants of bovine \u03bb-light chain constant regions in different cattle breeds","volume":"36","author":"Diesterbeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1223802","article-title":"Specific attributes of the V(L) domain influence both the structure and structural variability of CDR-H3 through steric effects","volume":"14","author":"Guloglu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0931-3","article-title":"Dynamics of heavy chain junctional length biases in antibody repertoires","volume":"3","author":"Sankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190553","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0553","article-title":"Neuronal immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules in epithelial morphogenesis: insights from Drosophila","volume":"375","author":"Finegan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-11-03754.1990","article-title":"Morphological plasticity of motor axons in Drosophila mutants with altered excitability","volume":"10","author":"Budnik","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1585176","article-title":"Modulation of an NCAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia","volume":"256","author":"Mayford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00644.1992","article-title":"Synaptic plasticity in Drosophila memory and hyperexcitable mutants: role of cAMP cascade","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2024.101201","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics dissecting the development and evolution of nervous system in insects","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Insect Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1827","article-title":"Neural recognition molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily: signaling transducers of axon guidance and neuronal migration","volume":"10","author":"Maness","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9.5.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471143030.2013.61.issue-1","article-title":"Analysis of cell-cell contact mediated by Ig superfamily cell adhesion molecules","volume":"61","author":"Stoeckli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Cell Biol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00034","article-title":"Toll-like receptors of deuterostome invertebrates","volume":"3","author":"Satake","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B45","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in invertebrate innate immunity","volume":"2","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invertebrate Survival J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.10.004","article-title":"Uncovering the evolutionary history of innate immunity: the simple metazoan Hydra uses epithelial cells for host defence","volume":"33","author":"Bosch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11252","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11252","article-title":"A large family of Dscam genes with tandemly arrayed 5\u2019 cassettes in Chelicerata","volume":"7","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.07.020","article-title":"Analysis of Dscam diversity in regulating axon guidance in Drosophila mushroom bodies","volume":"43","author":"Zhan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.08.021","article-title":"Alternative splicing of Drosophila Dscam generates axon guidance receptors that exhibit isoform-specific homophilic binding","volume":"118","author":"Wojtowicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.04.482883","article-title":"The Hydractinia Allorecognition Complex encodes a novel family of immunoglobulin superfamily","volume":"37","author":"Huene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260433","article-title":"A new Ig-superfamily member, molluscan defence molecule (MDM) from Lymnaea stagnalis, is down-regulated during parasitosis","volume":"26","author":"Hoek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(84)71582-8","article-title":"The immunoglobulin fold. Structural classification, sequence patterns and common core","volume":"242","author":"Bork","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03086","article-title":"Novel immunomodulatory proteins generated via directed evolution of variant igSF domains","volume":"10","author":"Levin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","article-title":"Evolutionary development of the immunoglobulins super family","author":"Galaktionov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11769343231216914","DOI":"10.1177\/11769343231216914","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis provides insight into the molecular evolution of nociception and pain-related proteins","volume":"19","author":"Zhai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evol Bioinform Online"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022442118","article-title":"Structure of cell-cell adhesion mediated by the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule","volume":"118","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54097\/t7tcq290","article-title":"Progress and prospect of dscam gene in drosophila immunity","volume":"5","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Life Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2023.12.005","article-title":"A comparative overview of DSCAM and its multifunctional roles in Drosophila and vertebrates","volume":"202","author":"Hizawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"B59","volume-title":"Thorp and covich\u2019s freshwater invertebrates: volume 5: keys to neotropical and antarctic fauna","author":"Damborenea","year":"2020"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12864","article-title":"The origin and early evolution of arthropods","volume":"97","author":"Aria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"05. 02.592138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309891","article-title":"Fasciclin 2 functions as an expression-level switch on EGFR to control organ shape and size in Drosophila","volume":"2024","author":"Garcia-Alonso","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2018.015","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional analyses of an adhesion molecule, neuroglian, in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"115","author":"Yokoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Entomology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02155-X","article-title":"Leukocyte Ig-like receptor complex (LRC) in mice and men","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-76715-4_7","article-title":"The role of cell adhesion molecules in axon growth and guidance","volume":"621","author":"Kamiguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-4420-0","article-title":"A chelicerate-specific burst of nonclassical Dscam diversity","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01183-2","article-title":"Axonal targeting of olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila is controlled by Dscam","volume":"37","author":"Hummel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80878-8","article-title":"Drosophila Dscam is an axon guidance receptor exhibiting extraordinary molecular diversity","volume":"101","author":"Schmucker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.22.4545","article-title":"The Beat generation: a multigene family encoding IgSF proteins related to the Beat axon guidance molecule in Drosophila","volume":"128","author":"Pipes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81799-7","article-title":"The Drosophila beaten path gene encodes a novel secreted protein that regulates defasciculation at motor axon choice points","volume":"87","author":"Fambrough","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00139","article-title":"Structure and functions of sidekicks","volume":"13","author":"Yamagata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.004","article-title":"Plum, an immunoglobulin superfamily protein, regulates axon pruning by facilitating TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"78","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13064-022-00165-5","article-title":"Dpr10 and Nocte are required for Drosophila motor axon pathfinding","volume":"17","author":"Lobb-Rabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Dev"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42690","article-title":"Transsynaptic interactions between IgSF proteins DIP-\u03b1 and Dpr10 are required for motor neuron targeting specificity","volume":"8","author":"Ashley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.008","article-title":"Synaptic specificity, recognition molecules, and assembly of neural circuits","volume":"181","author":"Sanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.11.009","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of synaptic","volume":"43","author":"Margeta","year":"2010","journal-title":"specificity. Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42692","article-title":"Stereotyped terminal axon branching of leg motor neurons mediated by IgSF proteins DIP-\u03b1 and Dpr10","volume":"8","author":"Venkatasubramanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.022","article-title":"Control of synaptic connectivity by a network of drosophila igSF cell surface proteins","volume":"163","author":"Carrillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10255","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.202110255","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing of motoneurons identifies regulators of synaptic wiring in Drosophila embryos","volume":"18","author":"Velten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116887","article-title":"Extensive diversity of Ig-superfamily proteins in the immune system of insects","volume":"309","author":"Watson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2023.104757","article-title":"A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily lrig-1 might be involved in the immune priming of Scylla paramamosain in response to the infection and re-infection by Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"147","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41769-7_4","article-title":"Insect defense proteins and peptides","volume":"94","author":"Wojda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4003\/006.032.0204","article-title":"A new critical estimate of named species-level diversity of the recent Mollusca","volume":"32","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Malacological Bull"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351115667","volume-title":"Biology and evolution of the mollusca, volume 1","author":"Ponder","year":"2019"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0029219","article-title":"Mollusca (Molluscs)","volume":"1","author":"Haszprunar","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLS"},{"key":"B85","first-page":"271","article-title":"The low-diversity gastropod clades","author":"Lindberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phylogeny Evol Mollusca"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-001-0386-8","article-title":"Parasite-responsive IgSF members in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata: characterization of novel genes with tandemly arranged IgSF domains and a fibrinogen domain","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006081","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of Biomphalaria glabrata plasma proteins with binding affinity to those expressed by early developing larval Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.02.025","article-title":"Integrated multi-omic analyses in Biomphalaria-Schistosoma dialogue reveal the immunobiological significance of FREP-SmPoMuc interaction","volume":"75","author":"Portet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00444-9","article-title":"Structure of two FREP genes that combine IgSF and fibrinogen domains, with comments on diversity of the FREP gene family in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"269","author":"L\u00e9onard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20819-0_5","article-title":"Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in mollusks","volume":"57","author":"Adema","year":"2015","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2014.10.009","article-title":"A family of variable immunoglobulin and lectin domain containing molecules in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"48","author":"Dheilly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104075","article-title":"Two fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in the razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) with a broad recognition spectrum and bacteria agglutination activity","volume":"121","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2023.104708","article-title":"An immunoglobulin superfamily member (CgIgIT2) functions as immune inhibitory receptor to inhibit the inflammatory cytokine expressions in Crassostrea gigas","volume":"144","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000294","article-title":"IgIT-mediated signaling inhibits the antimicrobial immune response in oyster hemocytes","volume":"205","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.100834","article-title":"An ancient BCR-like signaling promotes ICP production and hemocyte phagocytosis in oyster","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/abt\/tbab002","article-title":"Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B: therapeutic targets in cancer","volume":"4","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antib Ther"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0746-1","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T cell therapy in hematologic Malignancies","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msk007","article-title":"Origin and molecular evolution of receptor tyrosine kinases with immunoglobulin-like domains","volume":"23","author":"Grassot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"B99","article-title":"Trichoplax adhaerens FE Schulze und die Entstehung der Metazoen","volume":"24","author":"Grell","year":"1971","journal-title":"Naturwiss. Rundschau"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.11.042","article-title":"Placozoa","volume":"28","author":"Schierwater","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900597","article-title":"Inferring the \u201cprimordial immune complex\u201d: origins of MHC class I and antigen receptors revealed by comparative genomics","volume":"203","author":"Ohta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B102","volume-title":"Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates","author":"Thorp","year":"2009"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990215)44:4<204::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Cell adhesion and histocompatibility in sponges","volume":"44","author":"Fern\u00e0ndez-Busquets","year":"1999","journal-title":". Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12040506","article-title":"Whole-body regeneration in sponges: diversity, fine mechanisms, and future prospects","volume":"12","author":"Ereskovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308928200","article-title":"Molecular fingerprinting of carbohydrate structure phenotypes of three porifera proteoglycan-like glyconectins","volume":"279","author":"Guerardel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2014.07.017","article-title":"Reprint of \u201creview of Dscam-mediated immunity in shrimp and other arthropods","volume":"48","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1552151\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T06:40:35Z","timestamp":1743576035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1552151\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1552151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1552151","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"article-number":"1552151"}}