{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T05:15:47Z","timestamp":1770700547348,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) is a kind of cancer-testis antigen (CTA) that has been reported to be a biomarker for diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and recurrence monitoring of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aims to assess the value of LDHC in peptide-based vaccines for LUAD immunotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The LDHC recombinant protein was purified and its effect on PC9 cells was evaluated by wound healing assay, Transwell invasion, and migration assay. Ten HLA-A2-restricted LDHC-derived peptides were predicted and synthesized, and the affinity for the HLA-A2 molecule was analyzed by T2 binding assay and molecule docking. Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) and LDH cytotoxicity assay were performed to determine the interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) release level and tumor cell lysis ability of peptide-induced specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The LDHC recombinant protein promoted invasion and migration of PC9 cells. Three HLA-A2-restricted LDHC-derived peptides P2 (LDHC<jats:sup>170\u2013180<\/jats:sup>, FRYLIGEKLGV), P5 (LDHC<jats:sup>116\u2013124<\/jats:sup>, IMKSIIPAI), and P6 (LDHC<jats:sup>172\u2013180<\/jats:sup>, YLIGEKLGV) had high affinity for the HLA-A2 molecule at 50 \u03bcg\/mL. P6 (LDHC<jats:sup>172\u2013180<\/jats:sup>, YLIGEKLGV) elicited the strongest IFN-\u03b3-secreting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and exhibited potent cytotoxicity against HLA-A2-positive cells with high LDHC expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>LDHC may serve as a targetable biomarker for peptide-based immunotherapy of LUAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T05:21:37Z","timestamp":1744176097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of new HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from LDHC in lung 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