{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:17:45Z","timestamp":1792693065853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a leading cause of male mortality, with NK\/T cell communication being key areas of the research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Seurat package was utilized to normalize and reduce the dimensionality of the single-cell data, and CellMarker 2.0 was employed for cell annotation. CellChat was utilized to construct the ligand-receptor interaction network of cell subsets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered by the limma package. Univariate Cox and the LASSO regression in the glmnet package were used to obtain biomarkers and develop a risk model. The survminer package was used to calculate the optimal threshold for dividing patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, and then Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis was performed. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), TIMER, and ESTIMATE packages were employed for immune infiltration analysis. Pathway analysis was conducted for the low- and high-risk groups using GSEA. Immunotherapy responses were evaluated by adopting TIDE method. Additional cellular validation (quantitative real-time PCR, CCK-8, Transwell, and scratch assay) was implemented to confirm the effects of feature genes on PRAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the benign group, NK\/T cells were the cell type with the greatest changes in the tumor group, and their communication intensity was relatively high among all cell types. A RiskScore model was constructed as follows: <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" id=\"im1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.579<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>X<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">1<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.345<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>G<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">6<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.385<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>Y<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>A<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">1<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.418<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>G<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>A<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>X<\/mml:mi><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>0.792<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>M<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>G<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>A<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">4<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>B<\/mml:mi><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>0.368<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">7<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>\u00a0<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.458<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>X<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>. Analysis of the differences between the two risk groups showed that the level of immune infiltration was higher in the high-risk group, and it was significantly enriched in immune-correlated pathways, while the low-risk group was mainly enriched in metabolism-related pathways. TIDE analysis indicated that the high-risk group had higher immune escape potential. The cellular validation assays have revealed the higher expression of seven biomarkers in PRAD groups. Further, <jats:italic>ISYNA1<\/jats:italic> knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of PRAD cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current research reveals key communication genes in PRAD, offering new possibilities for the exploration of new therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T05:25:36Z","timestamp":1744781136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification of the gene signatures related to NK\/T cell communication to evaluate the tumor microenvironment and prognostic outcomes of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huyang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2024.048878","article-title":"MAPK9 as a therapeutic target: unveiling ferroptosis in localized prostate cancer progression","volume":"48","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2024.054873","article-title":"The preventive mechanisms and research progress of sulforaphane in relation to prostate cancer","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.005","article-title":"Recent global patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates","volume":"77","author":"Culp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2021.09.006","article-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Gandaglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1191","article-title":"Epidemiology of prostate cancer","volume":"10","author":"Rawla","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0020-2","article-title":"Translational models of prostate cancer bone metastasis","volume":"15","author":"Berish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.v116.4s","article-title":"Anti\u2013prostate-Specific membrane antigen-based radioimmunotherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"116","author":"Tagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020334","article-title":"Immunotherapy and immunotherapy combinations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"13","author":"Bansal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000223","article-title":"Immune therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"22","author":"Yeku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051517-011947","article-title":"Treatment of advanced prostate cancer","volume":"70","author":"Teo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467217666230517104426","article-title":"A network medical framework based on inflammatory genes to identify drug candidates for abdominal aortic aneurysms","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01595","article-title":"Overexpression of TIGIT in NK and T cells contributes to tumor immune escape in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002128","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor engineered NK cellular immunotherapy overcomes the selection of T-cell escape variant cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J immunotherapy Cancer"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6499344","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6499344","article-title":"Expansion of lymphocytes from prostatic adenocarcinoma and adjacent nonmalignant tissue","volume":"2022","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7157","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07157","article-title":"Homotypic NK cell-to-cell communication controls cytokine responsiveness of innate immune NK cells","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00727-5","article-title":"New avenues for systematically inferring cell-cell communication: through single-cell transcriptomics data","volume":"11","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00635-z","article-title":"Applications and analytical tools of cell communication based on ligand-receptor interactions at single cell level","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Bioscience"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573412919666230406100948","article-title":"Survey on multi-omics, and multi-omics data analysis, integration and application","volume":"19","author":"Shahrajabian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Anal"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y","article-title":"Dictionary learning for integrative, multimodal and scalable single-cell analysis","volume":"42","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","article-title":"Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony","volume":"16","author":"Korsunsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/chd.2024.050231","article-title":"Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals cardiac macrophage landscape in hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Congenital Heart Dis"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","article-title":"Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"e1210","article-title":"Parametric survival analysis using R: Illustration with lung cancer data","volume-title":"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)","author":"Kumar","year":"2020"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v039.i05","article-title":"Regularization paths for cox's proportional hazards model via coordinate descent","volume":"39","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat software"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"1030198","article-title":"Single-cell RNA and transcriptome sequencing profiles identify immune-associated key genes in the development of diabetic kidney disease","volume-title":"Front Immunol","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.32604\/chd.2024.048081","article-title":"CHDTEPDB: transcriptome expression profile database and interactive analysis platform for congenital heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Congenital Heart Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","article-title":"GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-Seq data","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e4nzelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3612","article-title":"Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data","volume":"4","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omics: A J Integr Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0115734129331758241022113026","article-title":"iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis unveils NCAM1 as a novel regulator in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and DT-010-exerted cardioprotection","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Anal"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AN01397A","article-title":"High resolution estimates of relative gene abundance with quantitative ratiometric regression PCR (qRR-PCR)","volume":"146","author":"Trick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118761429318398240918063450","article-title":"Upregulation of lncRNA WT1-AS inhibits tumor growth and promotes autophagy in gastric cancer via suppression of PI3K\/akt\/mTOR pathway","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467215666220329212300","article-title":"EGFR inhibitor CL-387785 suppresses the progression of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.019","article-title":"Pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade","volume":"18","author":"Charoentong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.05.02","article-title":"Urology, Mechanisms of resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)","volume":"4","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans andrology Urol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0426-7","article-title":"Exploring the NK cell platform for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Myers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00018","article-title":"Exosome-based cell-cell communication in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Maia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123605","article-title":"Immune escape mechanisms in non small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Anichini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.09.017","article-title":"Cancer genetics and genomics of human FOX family genes","volume":"328","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S354195","article-title":"Pan-cancer analysis predicts FOXS1 as a key target in prognosis and tumor immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2015.486","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic significance of glypican 5 and glypican 6 gene expression levels in gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Dinccelik\u2212Aslan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-024-01406-y","article-title":"GPC2 promotes prostate cancer progression via MDK-mediated activation of PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Funct Integr Genomics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3456","article-title":"Regulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis by p53-ISYNA1 pathway","volume":"48","author":"Koguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Of Oncol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.792564","article-title":"ISYNA1: an immunomodulatory-related prognostic biomarker in colon adenocarcinoma and pan-cancer","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11272","article-title":"Prediction and analysis of novel key genes ITGAX, LAPTM5, SERPINE1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis","volume":"9","author":"Sui","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.v120.2","article-title":"Integrin alpha x stimulates cancer angiogenesis through PI3K\/Akt signaling\u2013mediated VEGFR2\/VEGF-A overexpression in blood vessel endothelial cells","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004809","article-title":"A systems genetics approach identifies CXCL14, ITGAX, and LPCAT2 as novel aggressive prostate cancer susceptibility genes","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Genet"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03661-w","article-title":"Discovery of a lectin domain that regulates enzyme activity in mouse N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (MGAT4A)","volume":"5","author":"Nagae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-IDDF.33","article-title":"IDDF2023-ABS-0230 The role of aberrant N-Glycan branching regulated by MGAT4B in anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"72","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gut"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.175117","article-title":"PRR7 is a transmembrane adaptor protein expressed in activated T cells involved in regulation of T cell receptor signaling and apoptosis *","volume":"286","author":"Hrdinka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201593070","article-title":"Synaptonuclear messenger PRR7 inhibits c-Jun ubiquitination and regulates NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Kravchick","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa302","article-title":"Human REXO2 controls short mitochondrial RNAs generated by mtRNA processing and decay machinery to prevent accumulation of double-stranded RNA","volume":"48","author":"Szewczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.591667","article-title":"Effects of RNA binding proteins on the prognosis and Malignant progression in prostate cancer","volume":"11","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1806","article-title":"Regulatory T cells, tumour immunity and immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Zou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26352-2","article-title":"Regulatory T cells promote cancer immune-escape through integrin \u03b1v\u03b28-mediated TGF-\u03b2 activation","volume":"12","author":"Lain\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04657.x","article-title":"Suppression, subversion and escape: the role of regulatory T cells in cancer progression","volume":"171","author":"Oleinika","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01680","article-title":"The new era of cancer immunotherapy: targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells to overcome immune evasion","volume":"11","author":"De Cicco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.01.026","article-title":"MDSC in autoimmunity","volume":"11","author":"Cripps","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2016.04.002","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: The green light for myeloma immune escape","volume":"30","author":"Malek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2013.12.008","article-title":"TGF-beta in CAF-mediated tumor growth and metastasis","volume":"25","author":"Calon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00413-6","article-title":"Overcoming TGF\u03b2-mediated immune evasion in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Tauriello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010215)52:4<387::AID-JEMT1023>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Role of TGF-\u03b2 in immune-evasion of cancer","volume":"52","author":"Beck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microscopy Res technique"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564784\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T05:25:38Z","timestamp":1744781138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564784\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564784","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"article-number":"1564784"}}