{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T16:16:41Z","timestamp":1787156201750,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy with limited treatment options for patients with relapsed\/refractory MM (RRMM). Teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) \u00d7 CD3 bispecific antibody, has shown promising results in clinical trials and real-world studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and meeting libraries were searched from inception to 14 November 2024. The assessed outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, time to next treatment, duration of response, overall response rate (ORR), \u2265complete response (\u2265CR), \u2265very good partial response (\u2265VGPR), VGPR, partial response, and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 34 studies involving 4,064 patients were included. In pairwise meta-analysis, teclistamab demonstrated superior OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54\u20130.89; p = 0.037] compared to existing RRMM treatments. Real-world studies showed comparable ORR (62%, 95% CI: 58%\u201366%) but slightly lower survival outcomes, possibly because of shorter follow-up times and higher-risk populations. Subgroup analyses revealed enhanced efficacy with combination therapies (ORR: 85% vs 62%, p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and notable clinical benefits in the China cohort (\u2265VGPR: 77%, \u2265CR: 58%). Safety profiles indicated manageable cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, though infection risks required vigilant management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Teclistamab continues to be a promising and effective treatment option for RRMM patients, including those previously exposed to BCMA-targeted therapies, and offers new hope for overcoming resistance and achieving better early disease control. Further research is needed to optimize its application in diverse populations, particularly in Asian cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/#myprospero<\/jats:uri>\n                      , identifier CRD42025633838.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1565407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T01:23:25Z","timestamp":1745544205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of teclistamab for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a systematic review and 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