{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:48:40Z","timestamp":1782992920222,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011659","name":"L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 fakulta, Masarykova univerzita","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trauma is a leading global cause of mortality, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) remains a significant complication, contributing to adverse outcomes. Neutrophils, as first responders to tissue injury, undergo substantial phenotypic and functional changes following trauma. This study investigates neutrophil subpopulations defined by CD16 and CD62L expression in trauma patients, focusing on their correlation with clinical biomarkers, trauma severity, and functional properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 50 non-infectious trauma patients, categorized into SIRS and Non-SIRS groups, and 43 elective surgery patients as controls. Neutrophil subsets were analyzed at two time points (TP1 and TP2) using flow cytometry. Functional assays evaluated phagocytosis, oxidative burst, mitochondrial function, and degranulation. Correlations between neutrophil subpopulations and clinical markers, including lactate, creatine kinase, Injury Severity Score, and Trauma and Injury Severity Score, were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with SIRS exhibited higher proportions of banded neutrophils and CD16<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> neutrophils at TP1, alongside reduced levels of mature neutrophils. Elevated lactate and creatine kinase levels positively correlated with banded neutrophils and CD16<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> neutrophils, while negatively correlating with mature neutrophils CD16<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> and hypersegmented neutrophils CD16<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>. Hypersegmented neutrophils were more prevalent in Non-SIRS patients at TP1 and in SIRS patients at TP2. Banded neutrophils showed a positive correlation with Injury Severity Score and an inverse correlation with Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), whereas hypersegmented neutrophils were negatively associated with ISS and positively correlated with TRISS. These correlations likely reflect the pro-inflammatory role of banded neutrophils and the inflammation-resolving function of hypersegmented neutrophils. CD16<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> neutrophils displayed impaired phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation capacity, indicating functional deficiencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights the dynamic changes in neutrophil subpopulations in trauma and their association with systemic inflammation and clinical severity. Increased banded neutrophils correlate with SIRS and metabolic stress, whereas hypersegmented neutrophils may contribute to resolving inflammation. CD16<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> neutrophils exhibit functional impairments, warranting further investigation. Monitoring neutrophil subpopulations could aid in identifying trauma patients at risk for non-infectious SIRS and guide therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1565606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T09:23:47Z","timestamp":1751966627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pro-inflammatory role of neutrophils populations in trauma patients: monitoring neutrophil populations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marcela","family":"Vlkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"\u0160t\u00edchov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol\u00edna","family":"Sur\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol\u00edna","family":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vojt\u011bch","family":"Kun\u010dick\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Papatheodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Bla\u017ekov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Tom\u00e1\u0161ikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Bend\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Dohn\u00e1lkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"M\u00fdtnikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"\u017d\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kova\u0159\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Krti\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"\u0160r\u00e1mek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hel\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kocurkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Fri\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Hortov\u00e1-Kohoutkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00330-3","article-title":"Global changes in mortality rates in polytrauma patients admitted to the ICU\u2014a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"van Breugel","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04433-1","article-title":"25-Year experience with adult polytraumatized patients in a European level 1 trauma center: polytrauma between 1995 and 2019. 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