{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:01:58Z","timestamp":1762300918278,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma\/high-grade B-cell lymphoma with <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic> rearrangements (DLBCL\/HGBL-<jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>) represents a distinct entity of mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma, constituting a substantial gap in the clinical management of DLBCL. Conventional R-CHOP-like chemoimmunotherapy regimens have demonstrated limited efficacy in DLBCL\/HGBL-<jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>, and the clinical outcome remains poor, with a median overall survival of less than 2 years, and even shorter in cases transformed from indolent lymphoma. We reported a 66-year-old female was firstly diagnosed with follicular lymphoma, but presented with disease progression to DLBCL\/HGBL-<jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic> during the treatment with BR regimen. Moreover, the patient was also primary refractory to Pola-R-CHP. The patient achieved partial response following treatment with the CD20\u00d7CD3 bispecific antibody glofitamab and maintained long-term remission. Although only one successful case is presented, glofitamab could be considered as salvage therapy for transformed relapsed\/refractory DLBCL\/HGBL-<jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1566035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T06:29:53Z","timestamp":1743402593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Successful treatment of primary refractory DLBCL\/HGBL - MYC\/BCL2 transformed from FL using glofitamab: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ming-qiang","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-hui","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-dong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","article-title":"The 5th edition of the world health organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Alaggio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020780","article-title":"The high-grade B-cell lymphomas: double hit and more","volume":"144","author":"Davies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-212191","article-title":"Lymphomas with concurrent BCL2 and MYC translocations: the critical factors associated with survival","volume":"114","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-578963","article-title":"Impact of induction regimen and stem cell transplantation on outcomes in double-hit lymphoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis","volume":"124","author":"Petrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.2014.166.issue-6","article-title":"Double hit lymphoma: the MD Anderson Cancer Center clinical experience","volume":"166","author":"Oki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00743","article-title":"Prognostic significance of MYC rearrangement and translocation partner in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A study by the lunenburg lymphoma biomarker consortium","volume":"37","author":"Rosenwald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00827-5","article-title":"A retrospective study of MYC rearranged diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the context of the new WHO and ICC classifications","volume":"13","author":"El-Sharkawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.147","article-title":"B-cell lymphomas with MYC\/8q24 rearrangements and IGH@BCL2\/t(14;18)(q32;q21): an aggressive disease with heterogeneous histology, germinal center B-cell immunophenotype and poor outcome","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01285-3","article-title":"Treatment resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-747022","article-title":"Genetic profiling of MYC and BCL2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma determines cell-of-origin-specific clinical impact","volume":"129","author":"Ennishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-769620","article-title":"Outcomes in refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the international SCHOLAR-1 study","volume":"130","author":"Crump","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01731-4","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel as first-line therapy in high-risk large B-cell lymphoma: the phase 2 ZUMA-12 trial","volume":"28","author":"Neelapu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024027347","article-title":"Three-year follow-up analysis of first-line axicabtagene ciloleucel in high-risk large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-12)","author":"Chavez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2027612","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"384","author":"Sehn","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-04-516815","article-title":"Transformed follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"125","author":"Casulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.2019.185.issue-4","article-title":"Outcome of transformed follicular lymphoma worsens according to the timing of transformation and to the number of previous therapies. A retrospective multicenter study on behalf of Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)","volume":"185","author":"Rusconi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01139-6","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of 1845 patients with follicular lymphoma: a real-world multicenter experience in China","volume":"14","author":"Zha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djw257","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw257","article-title":"Beyond RCHOP: A blueprint for diffuse large B cell lymphoma research","volume":"108","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-00997-w","article-title":"Bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells: dueling immunotherapies for large B-cell lymphomas","volume":"14","author":"Trabolsi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206913","article-title":"Glofitamab for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"387","author":"Dickinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01725","article-title":"Epcoritamab, a novel, subcutaneous CD3xCD20 bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody, in relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma: dose expansion in a phase I\/II trial","volume":"41","author":"Thieblemont","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01774-4","article-title":"Glofitamab plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GemOx) versus rituximab-GemOx for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (STARGLO): a global phase 3, randomised, open-label trial","volume":"404","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.v41.4","article-title":"Glofitamab in relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Real-world data","volume":"41","author":"Birtas Atesoglu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.v130.11","article-title":"Glofitamab as a salvage treatment for B-cell lymphomas in the real world: A multicenter study in Taiwan","volume":"130","author":"Hsu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014903","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of glofitamab for relapsed\/refractory large B-cell lymphoma in a multinational real-world study","author":"Shumilov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15816","article-title":"Glofitamab monotherapy induces high complete response rates and manageable safety in Chinese patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"109","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1566035\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T06:29:55Z","timestamp":1743402595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1566035\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1566035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1566035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-3224"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"article-number":"1566035"}}