{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:00:35Z","timestamp":1793379635597,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exosomes, known as small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin produced by most cell types, exist in a variety of body fluids including plasma. The roles of exosomes in immune responses against <jats:italic>Mycobacteria tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>) infection remain poorly characterized. Here, we found that miR-107 highly expressed in exosomes from plasma of TB patients but not healthy control (HC) subjects. Consistently, such miR-107-high exosomes were also detected in both the extracellular fluid released by mycobacterial-infected macrophages and the plasma of mycobacterial-infected mice. Interestingly, adding the miR-107-high plasma exosomes or the miR-107 mimics to infected THP-1 macrophages inhibited intracellular mycobacterial growth. Consistently, while nanoscale and fluorescence imaging revealed that miR-107 could be transferred inter-cellularly via exosomes, miR-107-enriched exosomes from miR-107 overexpressing cells also inhibited mycobacterial growth in THP-1 macrophages and primary monocytes\/peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Mechanistically, miR-107-high exosomes increased ROS production; miR-107 regulated Wnt pathway by targeting Wnt16 and promoted autophagy in THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, treatment of infected mice with miR-107-enriched exosomes reduced mycobacterial infection in lung tissues. Our results raise a possibility to explore miR-107-high plasma exosomes for a potential surrogate marker for TB. Findings suggest that exosomes enriched with miR-107 or other bio-active molecules may potentially serve as an attractive approach for treatment of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1567167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:28:06Z","timestamp":1751606886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["miR-107-enriched exosomes promote ROS\/wnt\/autophagy, inhibit intracellular mycobacterial growth and attenuate lung 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