{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T16:38:32Z","timestamp":1793983112462,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory lung condition often triggered by infections or sepsis, characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, and impaired gas exchange. Despite advances in supportive care, ARDS continues to have a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of ARDS involves an exaggerated immune response leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Regulatory cell death pathways, particularly ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, play a critical role in ARDS progression. Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and is regulated by enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the system Xc- antiporter. Dysregulation of these pathways exacerbates oxidative stress and tissue damage in ARDS. In the context of ARDS, ferroptosis contributes to the destruction of alveolar and endothelial cells, leading to increased vascular permeability, pulmonary edema, and impaired gas exchange. Immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils, while essential for pathogen clearance, can also contribute to lung injury when overactivated, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies to modulate ferroptosis. Therapeutic targeting of ferroptosis in ARDS includes the use of antioxidants, GPX4 activators, iron chelators, and inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. These approaches aim to reduce oxidative stress, restore antioxidant defenses, and prevent iron-driven cell death. Future research must address challenges in identifying reliable biomarkers, understanding subphenotype-specific mechanisms, and integrating ferroptosis inhibitors into existing therapeutic frameworks. By targeting ferroptosis, it may be possible to mitigate ARDS severity and improve patient outcomes, offering new hope for the management of this devastating condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1567980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T04:10:37Z","timestamp":1753157437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ferroptosis: a key driver and therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mingjun","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01485-4","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes","volume":"400","author":"Bos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01439-8","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: diagnosis, outcomes, long-term sequelae, and management","volume":"400","author":"Gorman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Matthay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2021.05.003","article-title":"Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19 lung injury","volume":"37","author":"Swenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","article-title":"Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5221","article-title":"Neutrophils in the initiation and resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation: understanding biological function and therapeutic potential","volume":"247","author":"Potey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.922702","article-title":"Progress in preclinical studies of macrophage autophagy in the regulation of ALI\/ARDS","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1683996","article-title":"Pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Huppert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01369-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01580-8","article-title":"The role of cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02037-9","article-title":"Ferroptosis: A double-edged sword","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.651552","article-title":"The role of ferroptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098970","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1098970","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis for lung diseases: exploring novel strategies in ferroptosis-associated mechanisms","volume":"2021","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1861","article-title":"Science review: apoptosis in acute lung injury","volume":"7","author":"Matute-Bello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit\u00a0Care"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00428-9","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms and links with diseases","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006203","article-title":"Unsolved mysteries: How does lipid peroxidation cause ferroptosis","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-023-00142-2","article-title":"The mechanism of ferroptosis and its related diseases","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01969-z","article-title":"Iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in human diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects","volume":"9","author":"Ru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70010","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63245-2_8","article-title":"ROS signaling in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","volume":"967","author":"Kellner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1226044","article-title":"ROS induced lipid peroxidation and their role in ferroptosis","volume":"11","author":"Endale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.10.042","article-title":"Role of mitochondria in ferroptosis","volume":"73","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02678-5","article-title":"Signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02262-x","article-title":"The role of ferroptosis in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung injury","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.030","article-title":"Salvage therapies for refractory hypoxemia in ARDS","volume":"141","author":"Cherian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.156107","article-title":"SPP1 exacerbates ARDS via elevating Th17\/Treg and M1\/M2 ratios through suppression of ubiquitination-dependent HIF-1alpha degradation","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111328","article-title":"Hypoxia and ferroptosis","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03476-6","article-title":"ROS-induced lipid peroxidation modulates cell death outcome: mechanisms behind apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2022.2147549","article-title":"Ferulic acid alleviates alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction in sepsis-induced acute lung injury by activating the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"60","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-18-0055","article-title":"Ferroptosis-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress: cross-talk between ferroptosis and apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5080843","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5080843","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation in apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis","volume":"2019","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.789948","article-title":"Targeting cell death: pyroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis in osteoarthritis","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00946-7","article-title":"Ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in anticancer immunity","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001936","article-title":"Necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis in sepsis and treatment","volume":"57","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0337TR","article-title":"Regulated necrosis in pulmonary disease. A focus on necroptosis and ferroptosis","volume":"62","author":"Minagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.188890","article-title":"GPX4: The hub of lipid oxidation, ferroptosis, disease and treatment","volume":"1878","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.074","article-title":"The tumor suppressor protein p53 and the ferroptosis network","volume":"133","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060696","article-title":"The role of Nrf2 in the regulation of mitochondrial function and ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Baiskhanova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxad074","article-title":"Mechanisms of alveolar type 2 epithelial cell death during acute lung injury","volume":"41","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23612","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202400088R","article-title":"Repair and regeneration of the alveolar epithelium in lung injury","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114708","article-title":"YAP1 protects against PM2.5-induced lung toxicity by suppressing pyroptosis and ferroptosis","volume":"253","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166204","article-title":"Iron deposition-induced ferroptosis in alveolar type II cells promotes the development of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"1867","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111208","article-title":"TMEM16A deficiency in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells protected against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced ferroptosis during acute lung injury","volume":"125","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116680","article-title":"Impaired GPX4 activity elicits ferroptosis in alveolar type II cells promoting PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis development","volume":"281","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2023.102284","article-title":"Ferroptosis mediates airway epithelial E-cadherin dysfunction in LPS-induced acute lung injury","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04248-8","article-title":"AUF1 protects against ferroptosis to alleviate sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating NRF2 and ATF3","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad337","article-title":"CircEXOC5 aggravates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by promoting ferroptosis through the IGF2BP2\/ATF3 axis","volume":"229","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04111-9","article-title":"Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"21","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Transl Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.102318","article-title":"Characterization of dipyridamole as a novel ferroptosis inhibitor and its therapeutic potential in acute respiratory distress syndrome management","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.05.006","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 ameliorated oxidative lipid damage in LPS-induced acute lung injury","volume":"290","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02745-1","article-title":"Panaxydol attenuates ferroptosis against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by Keap1-Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pccm.2024.04.002","article-title":"Mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin\u00a0Med J Pulm Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05070-7","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis as a vulnerability in pulmonary diseases","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1039241","article-title":"ROS-triggered endothelial cell death mechanisms: Focus on pyroptosis, parthanatos, and ferroptosis","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08403-7","article-title":"Inhibition of STEAP1 ameliorates inflammation and ferroptosis of acute lung injury caused by sepsis in LPS-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"50","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000050284.35609.97","article-title":"Iron and\u00a0iron-related proteins in the lower respiratory tract of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Ghio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109607","article-title":"Fibroblast ferroptosis is involved in periodontitis-induced tissue damage and bone loss","volume":"114","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2023.119535","article-title":"NMDA receptor activation induces damage of alveolar type II cells and lung fibrogenesis through ferroptosis","volume":"1870","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103255","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis rescues M2 macrophages and alleviates arthritis by suppressing the HMGB1\/TLR4\/STAT3 axis in M1 macrophages","volume":"75","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003189","article-title":"Interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis: Metabolism, function, and diseases","volume":"138","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04775-z","article-title":"Interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05115-x","article-title":"The interaction between STING and NCOA4 exacerbates lethal sepsis by orchestrating ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001941","article-title":"Hepcidin alleviates LPS-induced ARDS by regulating the ferritin-mediated suppression of ferroptosis","volume":"57","author":"Jiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01991-8","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates septic ARDS by inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in alveolar macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell\u00a0Death Discov"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05443-0","article-title":"Ferroptosis of tumour neutrophils causes immune suppression in cancer","volume":"612","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69141","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate m(6)A modification and regulates sepsis-associated acute lung injury by activating ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00993-3","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase 4-regulated neutrophil ferroptosis induces systemic autoimmunity","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16748","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16748","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate sepsis-induced acute lung injury by blocking neutrophil extracellular traps formation and inhibiting ferroptosis in rats","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.01.090","article-title":"The release and activity of HMGB1 in ferroptosis","volume":"510","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2333-x","article-title":"Early infectious acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by activation and proliferation of alveolar T-cells","volume":"34","author":"Risso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524022666220525144630","article-title":"Ferroptosis inhibitor regulates the disease progression of systematic lupus erythematosus mice model through Th1\/Th2 ratio","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01861-3","article-title":"Ferroptotic alveolar epithelial type II cells drive T(H)2 and T(H)17 mixed asthma triggered by birch pollen allergen Bet v 1","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116979","article-title":"Fine particulate matter potentiates Th17-cell pathogenicity in experimental autoimmune uveitis via ferroptosis","volume":"284","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae208","article-title":"Interleukin-12p40 deficiency attenuates myocardial ferroptosis in doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and interleukin-17A production","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.206035","article-title":"Types of cell death and their relations to host immunological pathways","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.845974","article-title":"Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis conspiringly induce immunosuppressive hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and gammadelta T-cell imbalance","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12656","article-title":"Inhibition of CD8(+) T cells and elimination of myeloid cells by CD4(+) Foxp3(-) T regulatory type 1 cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1170-y","article-title":"CD8(+) T cells regulate tumour ferroptosis during cancer immunotherapy","volume":"569","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.10.001","article-title":"COVID-19-induced ARDS is associated with decreased frequency of activated memory\/effector T cells expressing CD11a(+)","volume":"28","author":"Anft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-018-0029-2","article-title":"B-1a cells protect mice from sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"24","author":"Aziz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109778","article-title":"The role of B-cell ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"256","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05384-6","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a double-edged sword mediating immune tolerance of cancer","volume":"13","author":"Dang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607152113","article-title":"Activation of SAT1 engages polyamine metabolism with p53-mediated ferroptotic responses","volume":"113","author":"Ou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2024.09.005","article-title":"DAMPs in immunosenescence and cancer","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01798-w","article-title":"Thioredoxin is a metabolic rheostat controlling regulatory B cells","volume":"25","author":"Bradford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B86","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: diagnosis and management","volume":"101","author":"Saguil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-024-00596-w","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapies for severe ARDS with ECMO: a review","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001713","article-title":"The promise of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Antebi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04708-w","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells protect against ferroptosis via exosome-mediated stabilization of SLC7A11 in acute liver injury","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-6942","article-title":"The critical role and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in antioxidant systems: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030548","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation in acute and chronic lung injuries","volume":"12","author":"Bezerra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.83348","article-title":"The crosstalk between ferroptosis and mitochondrial dynamic regulatory networks","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02078-0","article-title":"Emerging roles of ferroptosis in pulmonary fibrosis: current perspectives, opportunities and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.709538","article-title":"Ferroptosis, a new insight into\u00a0acute lung injury","volume":"12","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.04.005","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine\u2013a safe antidote for cysteine\/glutathione deficiency","volume":"7","author":"Atkuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.024","article-title":"NAC alleviative ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy via maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis through activating SIRT3-SOD2\/Gpx4 pathway","volume":"187","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemeta\/loac035","article-title":"Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of ferroptosis","volume":"1","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Metab"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja411006a","article-title":"Ferrostatins inhibit oxidative lipid damage and cell death in diverse disease models","volume":"136","author":"Skouta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-020-00205-0","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39142","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039142","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of deferoxamine in moderately ill COVID-19 patients: An open label, randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Ameri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6735","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126735","article-title":"Deferiprone: A forty-year-old multi-targeting drug with possible activity against COVID-19 and diseases of similar symptomatology","volume":"23","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103353","article-title":"Role of Hippo\/ACSL4 axis in ferroptosis-induced pericyte loss and vascular dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004638","article-title":"Liproxstatin-1 alleviates lung transplantation-induced cold ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"107","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11024","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011024","article-title":"Circulatory indicators of lipid peroxidation, the driver of ferroptosis, reflect differences between relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Stojkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116512","article-title":"GPX4, ferroptosis, and diseases","volume":"174","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1567980\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T04:10:39Z","timestamp":1753157439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1567980\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1567980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1567980","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"article-number":"1567980"}}