{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:14:44Z","timestamp":1792530884714,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The synergistic epidemic of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis (DM-TB) has created a dual disease burden, challenging global health systems with complex pathophysiological interactions and suboptimal treatment outcomes. To decode the evolving research landscape, this study presents the latest comprehensive bibliometric analysis mapping the intellectual architecture of DM-TB research over three decades.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically analyzed 791 peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science Core Collection (1995-2023) using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix. Advanced metrics including co-citation networks, keyword burst detection, and institutional collaboration patterns were employed to identify paradigm-shifting trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three distinct growth phases were observed: initial stagnation (1995-2007, &amp;lt;10 annual publications), exponential growth (2008-2019), and research diversification (2020-2023). The United States dominated scientific output (27.3% of total publications), while the London School of Hygiene &amp;amp; Tropical Medicine emerged as the central hub for international collaborations (TLS=176). Keyword evolution revealed three transformative phases: (1) Pathomechanistic exploration (1995-2016): Focused on hyperglycemia-immunity interplay and epidemiological surveillance; (2) Translational innovation (2017-2020): Shifted to preclinical models, pharmacokinetic optimization, and multidrug resistance; (3) Precision medicine era (2021-2023): Emerging hotspots in latent TB screening (burst strength=6.82), metformin-mediated immunomodulation, and AI-driven diagnostic biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beyond delineating historical trajectories, this study identifies critical knowledge gaps in inflammation-resolution mechanisms and insulin resistance pathways, proposing a roadmap for targeted biomarker discovery and global health policy formulation. The constructed knowledge framework empowers strategic resource allocation for combating the DM-TB syndemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T15:58:25Z","timestamp":1743782305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping of diabetes mellitus combined with tuberculosis research: trends from 1995 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizi","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-S067","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06102-x","article-title":"Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment","volume":"67","author":"Holt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30308-3","article-title":"Tuberculosis","volume":"393","author":"Furin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","year":"2024"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15212\/zoonoses-2024-0061","article-title":"Decoding the WHO global tuberculosis report 2024: A critical analysis of global and chinese key data","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zoonoses"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20230138","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment from an immunologic perspective","volume":"4","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor (Beijing)"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107140","article-title":"Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: The complexity of the comorbid interactions","volume":"146","author":"Boadu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1122255","article-title":"Immunologic, metabolic and genetic impact of diabetes on tuberculosis susceptibility","volume":"14","author":"Ssekamatte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00743-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz284","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from 4 tuberculosis-endemic countries: the TANDEM study","volume":"70","author":"Ugarte-Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2313683","article-title":"Tuberculosis (TB) treatment challenges in TB-diabetes comorbid patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Khattak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac102","article-title":"Blunted GPR183\/oxysterol axis during dysglycemia results in delayed recruitment of macrophages to the lung during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"225","author":"Ngo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40037-021-00695-4","article-title":"Bibliometrics: Methods for studying academic publishing","volume":"11","author":"Ninkov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspect Med Educ"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1586","article-title":"A descriptive and historical review of bibliometrics with applications to medical sciences","volume":"35","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01602-9","article-title":"Hotspots and trends of microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a bibliometric analysis during 2000-2022","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3","article-title":"Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping","volume":"84","author":"van Eck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"B19","article-title":"CiteSpace II: visualization and knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases","volume":"2005","author":"Synnestvedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-022-05027-7","article-title":"Exploring machine learning: a scientometrics approach using bibliometrix and VOSviewer","volume":"4","author":"Oyewola","year":"2022","journal-title":"SN Appl Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"061108","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0056683","article-title":"Betweenness centrality of teams in social networks","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1613_23","article-title":"The h-Index: Understanding its predictors, significance, and criticism","volume":"12","author":"Mondal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-05221-x","article-title":"Generalized g-index","volume":"130","author":"Kosmulski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2024.04.041","article-title":"Correlation between H-index, M-index, and academic rank in urology","volume":"189","author":"Nocera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050152","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: a systematic review of 13 observational studies","volume":"5","author":"Jeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-81","article-title":"The impact of diabetes on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(09)70282-8","article-title":"Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: convergence of two epidemics","volume":"9","author":"Dooley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519841","article-title":"The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the presentation and treatment response of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"45","author":"Alisjahbana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201756","article-title":"Association of diabetes and tuberculosis: impact on treatment and post-treatment outcomes","volume":"68","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Corona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn075","article-title":"Diabetic control and risk of tuberculosis: a cohort study","volume":"167","author":"Leung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1584","article-title":"Tuberculosis and diabetes in southern Mexico","volume":"27","author":"Ponce-De-Leon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-234","article-title":"Diabetes and tuberculosis: the impact of the diabetes epidemic on tuberculosis incidence","volume":"7","author":"Stevenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.634","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on treatment outcomes of patients with active tuberculosis","volume":"80","author":"Dooley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02632.x","article-title":"Bi-directional screening for tuberculosis and diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Jeon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175925","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Workneh","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187967","article-title":"Association between diabetes mellitus and active tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Al-Rifai","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0433","article-title":"The effects of diabetes on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Huangfu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J tuberculosis Lung disease: Off J Int Union against Tuberculosis Lung Dis"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(18)30487-x","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes in active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 2\u00b73 million patients with tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Noubiap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.12.008","article-title":"Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on scientific research and implications for clinical academic training - A review","volume":"86","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(23)00369-8","article-title":"Costs incurred by people receiving tuberculosis treatment in low-income and middle-income countries: a meta-regression analysis","volume":"11","author":"Portnoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2024.102548","article-title":"Metformin modulates corticosteroids hormones in adrenals cells promoting Mycobacterium tuberculosis elimination in human macrophages","volume":"148","author":"Gonzalez-Mu\u00f1iz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2023.303","article-title":"Relationship between metformin use and mortality in tuberculosis patients with diabetes: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"B43","article-title":"Influence of diabetes mellitus on the development of multi drug resistant-tuberculosis in yogyakarta","volume":"50","author":"Saktiawati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1305325","article-title":"Host-directed therapy against mycobacterium tuberculosis infections with diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x1850088x","article-title":"Systematic review of the medicinal potential of mulberry in treating diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1459497","article-title":"The beneficial effects of quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol in obesity","volume":"2017","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-024-02577-x","article-title":"Authenticity discrimination and adulteration level detection of camellia seed oil via hyperspectral imaging technology","volume":"17","author":"Shang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Analytical Methods"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00577-23","article-title":"Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals major metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers involved in pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis-complicated diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571123\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T15:58:29Z","timestamp":1743782309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571123\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571123","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"article-number":"1571123"}}