{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:06:03Z","timestamp":1777565163934,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between eosinophilia and cancer development has recently been investigated. However, the role of eosinophils in tumor immunity, particularly in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the relationship between peripheral blood eosinophil and T-lymphocyte subsets and the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study included 204 patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy, and clinical data and treatment responses were recorded. PBMCs were collected from 44 out of 204 patients before treatment to analyze T-lymphocyte subsets, focusing on their correlation with blood eosinophils.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of blood eosinophils before nivolumab treatment was positively correlated with the percentage of effector memory subsets in both CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (r = 0.43, p = 0.0045) and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells (r = 0.35, p = 0.020). It was negatively correlated with the percentage of na\u00efve subsets of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and positively correlated with the percentage of inducible T cell co-stimulator cells among CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Patients with higher eosinophil levels (\u22651.7%) before nivolumab treatment exhibited significantly longer progression-free survival (log-rank p = 0.014) and overall survival (log-rank p = 0.001) than those with lower eosinophil levels. An early increase in the eosinophil count after treatment was also associated with a better response to nivolumab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher blood eosinophil levels may indicate activated T-cell immunity and may be a promising biomarker for the efficacy of anti-PD-1 monotherapy in patients with NSCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1574314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T05:34:59Z","timestamp":1759815299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Eosinophils as predictive biomarkers in anti-programmed cell death 1 monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Nakagome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Iemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Shiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuto","family":"Mouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ou","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Soma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoichi","family":"Kaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kagamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105712","article-title":"Mechanisms of eosinophil-associated inflammation","volume":"105","author":"Gleich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.041","article-title":"Eosinophil extracellular trap cell death-derived DNA traps: Their presence in secretions and functional attributes","volume":"137","author":"Ueki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805435","article-title":"Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia","volume":"360","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60988-X","article-title":"Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Pavord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032756","article-title":"Contributions of eosinophils to human health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Klion","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.11.001","article-title":"The multiple functions and subpopulations of eosinophils in tissues under steady-state and pathological conditions","volume":"70","author":"Kanda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2019.06.015","article-title":"Association of the blood eosinophil count with end-organ symptoms","volume":"45","author":"Bjerrum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201475","article-title":"Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis","volume":"332","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85664","article-title":"Lung-resident eosinophils represent a distinct regulatory eosinophil subset","volume":"126","author":"Mesnil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A0416-166R","article-title":"SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils are a distinct subpopulation within the lungs of allergen-challenged mice","volume":"101","author":"Percopo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184705","article-title":"Current landscape of non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, histological classification, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Rodak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0025","article-title":"Non-small cell lung cancer, version 3.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"20","author":"Ettinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592298","article-title":"Immunotherapy for lung cancer: no longer an abstract concept","volume":"37","author":"Marrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2006.01.006","article-title":"Cisplatin and gemcitabine first-line chemotherapy followed by maintenance gemcitabine or best supportive care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase III trial","volume":"52","author":"Brodowicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.07.010","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of first-line carboplatin-versus cisplatin-based chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Griesinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-4218","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: from current perspectives to future treatments-a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Olivares-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3708","article-title":"Overall survival and long-term safety of nivolumab (Anti-programmed death 1 antibody, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"33","author":"Gettinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2255-4","article-title":"Opposing roles of eosinophils in cancer","volume":"68","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1393134","article-title":"Eosinophils: The unsung heroes in cancer","volume":"7","author":"Varricchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000401)88:7<1544::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Prognostic influence of tumor-associated eosinophilic infiltrate in colorectal carcinoma","volume":"88","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ace\u00f1ero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830701)52:1<126::AID-CNCR2820520123>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Peripheral lymphocyte and eosinophil counts as indicators of prognosis in primary breast cancer","volume":"52","author":"Ownby","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(96)90216-6","article-title":"Tumor-associated eosinophilic infiltrate of cervical cancer is indicative for a less effective immune response","volume":"27","author":"van Driel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.04.029","article-title":"The infiltration and functional regulation of eosinophils induced by TSLP promote the proliferation of cervical cancer cell","volume":"364","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2006.10.017","article-title":"Clinical significance of a blood eosinophilia in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma: a blood eosinophilia is a significant unfavorable prognostic factor","volume":"31","author":"Utsunomiya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0127","article-title":"Baseline biomarkers for outcome of melanoma patients treated with pembrolizumab","volume":"22","author":"Weide","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0676","article-title":"Myeloid cells and related chronic inflammatory factors as novel predictive markers in melanoma treatment with ipilimumab","volume":"21","author":"Gebhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.10.030","article-title":"Peripheral blood biomarkers associated with clinical outcome in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab","volume":"13","author":"Tanizaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.15776","article-title":"Association between peripheral eosinophils and clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"131","author":"Okauchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-021-00474-2","article-title":"White blood cells in patients treated with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"199","author":"Sibille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.434","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"118","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0545","article-title":"Targeting CD73 enhances the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 mAbs","volume":"19","author":"Allard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-0112","article-title":"Single-cell analysis reveals a CD4+ T-cell cluster that correlates with PD-1 blockade efficacy","volume":"82","author":"Kagamu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0574","article-title":"CD4(+) T-cell immunity in the peripheral blood correlates with response to anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"8","author":"Kagamu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10445-2","article-title":"Establishing a whole blood CD4(+) T cell immunity measurement to predict response to anti-PD-1","volume":"22","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00363-z","article-title":"Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy","volume":"21","author":"Briukhovetska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2018.77390","article-title":"Immunological memory cells","volume":"43","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02692","article-title":"Defining memory CD8 T cell","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0210","article-title":"PD-1 blockade expands intratumoral memory T cells","volume":"4","author":"Ribas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-0776","article-title":"Immune activation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with ipilimumab following definitive chemoradiation (GOG-9929)","volume":"26","author":"Da Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002084","article-title":"Pre-existing effector T-cell levels and augmented myeloid cell composition denote response to CDK4\/6 inhibitor palbociclib and pembrolizumab in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Egelston","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01613","article-title":"Circulating T cell subpopulations correlate with immune responses at the tumor site and clinical response to PD1 inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Manjarrez-Ordu\u00f1o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01291-2","article-title":"Eosinophil-lymphocyte interactions in the tumor microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Grisaru-Tal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000185","article-title":"Immune checkpoint therapy and the search for predictive biomarkers","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005132","article-title":"Nivolumab serum concentration in metastatic melanoma patients could be related to outcome and enhanced immune activity: a gene profiling retrospective analysis","volume":"10","author":"Mallardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110578","article-title":"Loss of Roquin induces early death and immune deregulation but not autoimmunity","volume":"208","author":"Bertossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12073","article-title":"Smoking attenuates the age-related decrease in IgE levels and maintains eosinophilic inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Nagasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab116","article-title":"Smoking history as a potential predictor of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100990","article-title":"The effect of smoking status on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004688","article-title":"Peripheral blood immune cell dynamics reflect antitumor immune responses and predict clinical response to immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-138","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3-inducible protein of 10 kDa upregulates the effector functions of eosinophils through \u03b22 integrin and CXCR3","volume":"12","author":"Takaku","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0106027","article-title":"Pivotal Advance: eosinophil infiltration of solid tumors is an early and persistent inflammatory host response","volume":"79","author":"Cormier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900504","article-title":"Eosinophils oxidize damage-associated molecular pattern molecules derived from stressed cells","volume":"183","author":"Lotfi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2015.04.009","article-title":"ATP drives eosinophil effector responses through P2 purinergic receptors","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902673","article-title":"Human eosinophils recognize endogenous danger signal crystalline uric acid and produce proinflammatory cytokines mediated by autocrine ATP","volume":"184","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1317420","article-title":"IL-33 restricts tumor growth and inhibits pulmonary metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice through eosinophils","volume":"6","author":"Lucarini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024154","article-title":"Cytotoxic properties of eosinophil granule major basic protein for tumor cells","volume":"118","author":"Kubo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000446","article-title":"Human eosinophils exert TNF-\u03b1 and granzyme A-mediated tumoricidal activity toward colon carcinoma cells","volume":"185","author":"Legrand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006690","article-title":"Murine hypodense eosinophils induce tumour cell apoptosis by a granzyme B-dependent mechanism","volume":"50","author":"Costain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071840","article-title":"Allergic pulmonary inflammation in mice is dependent on eosinophil-induced recruitment of effector T cells","volume":"205","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8945","article-title":"Lymph node trafficking and antigen presentation by endobronchial eosinophils","volume":"105","author":"Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.11.7585","article-title":"Airway eosinophils: allergic inflammation recruited professional antigen-presenting cells","volume":"179","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.10.6393","article-title":"A novel role of cysteinyl leukotrienes to promote dendritic cell activation in the antigen-induced immune responses in the lung","volume":"173","author":"Okunishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw4295","article-title":"Protein crystallization promotes type 2 immunity and is reversible by antibody treatment","volume":"364","author":"Persson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115385","article-title":"The effect of anti-IL5 monoclonal antibodies on regulatory and effector T cells in severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"166","author":"Bergantini","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801005","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"378","author":"Gandhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1574314\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T05:34:59Z","timestamp":1759815299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1574314\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1574314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1574314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"article-number":"1574314"}}