{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:33:20Z","timestamp":1793226800892,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":299,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is an emerging zoonotic virus that was first discovered in the Puumala region of Finland in the early 1980s and is the primary etiological agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder form of a life-threatening disease known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). PUUV and other members of the Old World hantaviruses (OWHVs) predominantly circulate in rodents or insectivores across Eurasia, accounting for several thousand of reported HFRS cases every year (with many more unreported\/misdiagnosed cases suspected). The rodent reservoir of PUUV is the common bank vole (\n                    <jats:italic>Myodes (M.) glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and transmission of the virus to humans occurs via inhalation of contagious aerosols and through contact with contaminated droppings or urine. Although PUUV is the subject of extensive research, due to its potential to cause severe disease outcomes in humans and its considerable economic and social impact, neither licensed vaccines nor specific antiviral treatments are available against PUUV. However, many important advancements have been made in terms of PUUV research over the last years. This included the elucidation of its glycoproteins, the discovery of broadly neutralizing hantavirus antibodies as therapeutic candidates and expanded research on the mRNA vaccine technology which will likely enable the development of strong PUUV vaccine candidates in the near future. Currently, there is still a lack of suitable animal models for the preclinical evaluation of experimental vaccines and antivirals, which hampers vaccine and antiviral development. Current attempts to decrease hantavirus-associated human infections rely primarily on prevention and countermeasures for rodent control, including reduced contact to droppings, saliva and urine, and disinfection of areas that are contaminated with rodent excreta. Here, we review these recent advances and other aspects including PUUV prevalence, virus biology, diagnosis and clinical features, and current animal models for vaccine and treatment development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T01:26:53Z","timestamp":1746667613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Puumala orthohantavirus: prevalence, biology, disease, animal models and recent advances in therapeutics development and structural biology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"Tscherne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Guardado-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan J.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001975","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: hantaviridae 2024","volume":"105","author":"Bradfute","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.11.2729","article-title":"Epidemiology of hantavirus infections in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Mustonen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dialysis Transplant"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0501.990109","article-title":"Genetic diversity and distribution of peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in north America","volume":"5","author":"Monroe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090775","article-title":"Orthohantaviruses, emerging zoonotic pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Kabwe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathog (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2612.202808","article-title":"Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Canada","volume":"26","author":"Warner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(62)80170-x","article-title":"Virus hemorrhagic fevers. Special reference to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Epidemic hemorrhagic fever)","volume":"60","author":"Gajdusek","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/137.3.298","article-title":"Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever","volume":"137","author":"Lee","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(03)00774-6","article-title":"Hantavirus infections in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Vapalahti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1610.100242","article-title":"Mortality rate patterns for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala virus","volume":"16","author":"Hjertqvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2017_01_3","article-title":"Antiviral therapy and prevention against hantavirus infections","volume":"61","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12111413","article-title":"Sin Nombre virus and the emergence of other hantaviruses: A review of the biology, ecology, and disease of a zoonotic pathogen","volume":"12","author":"Jacob","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1605191","article-title":"Post-infectious fatigue following Puumala virus infection","volume":"51","author":"Furberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis (London England)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030598","article-title":"Long-term consequences of Puumala hantavirus infection","volume":"14","author":"Mustonen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.026","article-title":"Risk of lymphoid Malignancies increased after Puumala virus infection in Finland, 2009-2019: A retrospective register-based cohort study","volume":"131","author":"K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu488","article-title":"Increased risk for lymphoma following hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Klingstr\u00f6m","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.09.003","article-title":"Hantavirus maintenance and transmission in reservoir host populations","volume":"28","author":"Forbes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56753-7_4","article-title":"Virus evolution and genetic diversity of hantaviruses and their rodent hosts","volume":"256","author":"Plyusnin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-018-1335-4","article-title":"Emerging rodent-borne viral zoonoses in trento, Italy","volume":"15","author":"Tagliapietra","year":"2018","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.636","article-title":"Aerosol transmission of hantaan and related viruses to laboratory rats","volume":"38","author":"Nuzum","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01822-07","article-title":"Immune serum produced by DNA vaccination protects hamsters against lethal respiratory challenge with Andes virus","volume":"82","author":"Hooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01721","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tract as entry route for hantavirus infection","volume":"8","author":"Witkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2009040","article-title":"Super-spreaders\u201d and person-to-person transmission of Andes virus in Argentina","volume":"383","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050501","article-title":"Person-to-person transmission of Andes virus","volume":"11","author":"Martinez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.02.015","article-title":"Headache and low platelets in a patient with acute leukemia","volume":"48","author":"Sinisalo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.200204","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of Andes virus through breast milk, Chile1","volume":"26","author":"Ferr\u00e9s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2010.01.004","article-title":"Hantaviruses","volume":"30","author":"Mir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics Lab Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00062-09","article-title":"A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and disease","volume":"23","author":"Jonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235615","article-title":"Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness","volume":"262","author":"Nichol","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sci (New York NY)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0305","article-title":"Genetic identification of a new hantavirus causing severe pulmonary syndrome in Argentina","volume":"220","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890380211","article-title":"Characterization of Dobrava virus: A hantavirus from Slovenia, yugoslavia","volume":"38","author":"Avsic-Zupanc","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.2.131","article-title":"Nephropathia epidemica: detection of antigen in bank voles and serologic diagnosis of human infection","volume":"141","author":"Brummer-Korvenkontio","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1722","article-title":"Hantavirus infections in Europe and their impact on public health","volume":"23","author":"Vaheri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"B33","unstructured":"Disease Information About Hantavirus: Factsheet"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-011-0203-4","article-title":"Seroprevalence Study in forestry workers of a non-endemic region in eastern Germany reveals infections by Tula and Dobrava-Belgrade hantaviruses","volume":"200","author":"Mertens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.011304-0","article-title":"Analysis of Puumala hantavirus in a bank vole population in northern Finland: evidence for co-circulation of two genetic lineages and frequent reassortment between strains","volume":"90","author":"Razzauti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.016618-0","article-title":"Puumala hantavirus and myodes glareolus in northern Europe: no evidence of co-divergence between genetic lineages of virus and host","volume":"91","author":"Nemirov","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2907.221731","article-title":"Evolutionary formation and distribution of Puumala virus genome variants, Russia","volume":"29","author":"Blinova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.75.23.11803-11810.2001","article-title":"Molecular evolution of Puumala hantavirus","volume":"75","author":"Sironen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00970","article-title":"Characterization of the Puumala orthohantavirus strains in the northwestern region of the republic of Tatarstan in relation to the clinical manifestations in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients","volume":"10","author":"Davidyuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B40","unstructured":"Facts About Hantavirus"},{"key":"B41","volume-title":"Annual Epidemiological Report 2016- Hantavirus infection","year":"2018"},{"key":"B42","article-title":"Hantavirus infection","volume-title":"ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2018","year":"2020"},{"key":"B43","article-title":"Hantavirus infection","volume-title":"ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2020.","year":"2023"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.36.19961-en","article-title":"A five-year perspective on the situation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and status of the hantavirus reservoirs in Europe, 2005-2010","volume":"16","author":"Heyman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12129","article-title":"Hantavirus infections in the South\u2212Eastern European countries: A study of two cases and literature review","volume":"26","author":"Lupu\u015foru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12898-017-0118-z","article-title":"Puumala hantavirus infections in bank vole populations: host and virus dynamics in central Europe","volume":"17","author":"Reil","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Ecol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"w13937","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2014.13937","article-title":"Human hantavirus infections: epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis and immunology","volume":"144","author":"Manigold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Swiss Med Weekly"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.039.001","article-title":"Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of bat-borne hantaviruses","volume":"39","author":"Arai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061313","article-title":"Multiple lineages of hantaviruses harbored by the iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis) in Spain","volume":"15","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.01.002","article-title":"Factors driving hantavirus emergence in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Reusken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq122","article-title":"Beechnuts and outbreaks of nephropathia epidemica (NE): of mast, mice and men","volume":"25","author":"Clement","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dialysis Transplant"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2024.110168","article-title":"Molecular evolution of Hokkaido virus, a genotype of orthohantavirus puumalaense, among Myodes rodents","volume":"597","author":"Thuy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2017.12.002","article-title":"Hantaviruses and a neglected environmental determinant","volume":"5","author":"Guterres","year":"2018","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008686.2017.1287986","article-title":"Modelling human Puumala hantavirus infection in relation to bank vole abundance and masting intensity in the Netherlands","volume":"7","author":"Swart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10020499","article-title":"Ecological niche modelling of bank voles in Western Europe","volume":"10","author":"Amirpour Haredasht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072x-6-15","article-title":"Determinants of the geographic distribution of Puumala virus and Lyme borreliosis infections in Belgium","volume":"6","author":"Linard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Health Geographics"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20222470","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.2470","article-title":"The impact of wildlife and environmental factors on hantavirus infection in the host and its translation into human risk","volume":"290","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072x-8-1","article-title":"Relating increasing hantavirus incidences to the changing climate: the mast connection","volume":"8","author":"Clement","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Health Geographics"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-7069(06)16008-5","article-title":"Hantaviruses in the old and New World","volume-title":"Emerging Viruses in Human Populations.","author":"Clement","year":"2006"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134124","article-title":"Beech fructification and bank vole population dynamics - combined analyses of promoters of human Puumala virus infections in Germany","volume":"10","author":"Reil","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13364-020-00476-0","article-title":"Evidence for different bottom-up mechanisms in wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) and bank vole (Myodes glareolus) population fluctuations in Southern Norway","volume":"65","author":"Sel\u00e5s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mammal Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030612","article-title":"Tropism of Puumala orthohantavirus and endoparasite coinfection in the bank vole reservoir","volume":"15","author":"Schlohsarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050654","article-title":"Dynamics of Puumala hantavirus infection in naturally infected bank voles (Clethrinomys glareolus)","volume":"144","author":"Bernshtein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-48.1.148","article-title":"Impact of Puumala virus infection on maturation and survival in bank voles: A capture-mark-recapture analysis","volume":"48","author":"Tersago","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Wildlife Dis"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81643-0","article-title":"Prolonged survival of Puumala hantavirus outside the host: evidence for indirect transmission via the environment","volume":"87","author":"Kallio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.55.1.34-38.1985","article-title":"Experimental infection with Puumala virus, the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica, in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus)","volume":"55","author":"Yanagihara","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00694.x","article-title":"Hantavirus-induced immunity in rodent reservoirs and humans","volume":"225","author":"Sch\u00f6nrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040457","article-title":"Orthohantavirus isolated in reservoir host cells displays minimal genetic changes and retains wild-type infection properties","volume":"12","author":"Strandin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.080221","article-title":"Puumala hantavirus excretion kinetics in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)","volume":"14","author":"Hardestam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090862","article-title":"Diverse morphology and structural features of old and New World hantaviruses","volume":"11","author":"Parvate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(82)91812-8","article-title":"Morphological identification of the agent of Korean haemorrhagic fever (Hantaan virus)as a member of the bunyaviridae","volume":"1","author":"McCormick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00057-10","article-title":"Electron cryotomography of Tula hantavirus suggests a unique assembly paradigm for enveloped viruses","volume":"84","author":"Huiskonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050200017","article-title":"Genetics of hantaviruses: implications to taxonomy","volume":"147","author":"Plyusnin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-3935-5.00071-9","article-title":"Hantavirus infections","volume-title":"Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice.","author":"Fulhorst","year":"2011"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-4-829","article-title":"Cloning and sequencing of Puumala virus Sotkamo strain S and M RNA segments: evidence for strain variation in hantaviruses and expression of the nucleocapsid protein","volume":"73","author":"Vapalahti","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05159-y","article-title":"Inhibition of interferon I induction by non-structural protein NSs of Puumala virus and other vole-associated orthohantaviruses: phenotypic plasticity of the protein and potential functional domains","volume":"166","author":"Binder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8070208","article-title":"Viral RNA silencing suppression: the enigma of bunyavirus NSs proteins","volume":"8","author":"Hedil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.10.017","article-title":"Translation reinitiation and leaky scanning in plant viruses","volume":"119","author":"Ryabova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.664","article-title":"Bunyamwera bunyavirus nonstructural protein NSs is a nonessential gene product that contributes to viral pathogenesis","volume":"98","author":"Bridgen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci United States America"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2858126","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic properties of viruses linked to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"227","author":"Schmaljohn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sci (New York NY)"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-11-2677","article-title":"Hantaviruses: genome structure, expression and evolution","volume":"77","author":"Plyusnin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.79.3.1824-1835.2005","article-title":"The hantavirus nucleocapsid protein recognizes specific features of the viral RNA panhandle and is altered in conformation upon RNA binding","volume":"79","author":"Mir","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8990","article-title":"Genetic reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"242","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.667-675.1999","article-title":"Recombination in Tula hantavirus evolution: analysis of genetic lineages from Slovakia","volume":"73","author":"Sibold","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl5399","article-title":"Human antibody recognizing a quaternary epitope in the Puumala virus glycoprotein provides broad protection against orthohantaviruses","volume":"14","author":"Mittler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81743","article-title":"Antigenic mapping and functional characterization of human New World hantavirus neutralizing antibodies","volume":"12","author":"Engdahl","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02531-20","article-title":"Structural basis for a neutralizing antibody response elicited by a recombinant Hantaan virus Gn immunogen","volume":"12","author":"Rissanen","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109086","article-title":"Broad and potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infection","volume":"35","author":"Engdahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90709-x","article-title":"Maturation of Hantaan virus glycoproteins G1 and G2","volume":"189","author":"Antic","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1171","article-title":"The Hantaan virus glycoprotein precursor is cleaved at the conserved pentapeptide WAASA","volume":"289","author":"L\u00f6ber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg1855","article-title":"Structural and mechanistic basis of neutralization by a pan-hantavirus protective antibody","volume":"15","author":"Mittler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.023","article-title":"The hantavirus surface glycoprotein lattice and its fusion control mechanism","volume":"183","author":"Serris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005813","article-title":"Mechanistic insight into bunyavirus-induced membrane fusion from structure-function analyses of the hantavirus envelope glycoprotein Gc","volume":"12","author":"Guardado-Calvo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00378-17","article-title":"Structural transitions of the conserved and metastable hantaviral glycoprotein envelope","volume":"91","author":"Rissanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005948","article-title":"Crystal structure of glycoprotein C from a hantavirus in the post-fusion conformation","volume":"12","author":"Willensky","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.03.082","article-title":"A molecular-level account of the antigenic hantaviral surface","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01314110","article-title":"Distinction between bunyaviridae genera by surface structure and comparison with Hantaan virus using negative stain electron microscopy","volume":"86","author":"Martin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01847-10","article-title":"Structural studies of Hantaan virus","volume":"85","author":"Battisti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58242","article-title":"Molecular rationale for antibody-mediated targeting of the hantavirus fusion glycoprotein","volume":"9","author":"Rissanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00481-09","article-title":"Interactions and oligomerization of hantavirus glycoproteins","volume":"84","author":"Hepojoki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.46028","article-title":"Molecular organization and dynamics of the fusion protein Gc at the hantavirus surface","volume":"8","author":"Bignon","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.10.5414-5422.2004","article-title":"Analysis of N-linked glycosylation of Hantaan virus glycoproteins and the role of oligosaccharide side chains in protein folding and intracellular trafficking","volume":"78","author":"Shi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2019.07.002","article-title":"Hantavirus entry: perspectives and recent advances","volume":"104","author":"Mittler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0702-1","article-title":"Protocadherin-1 is essential for cell entry by New World hantaviruses","volume":"563","author":"Jangra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01311063","article-title":"Experimental infection of human vascular endothelial cells by pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses","volume":"111","author":"Yanagihara","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01636-7","article-title":"Cells of the human respiratory tract support the replication of pathogenic Old World orthohantavirus puumala","volume":"18","author":"H\u00e4gele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.01.027","article-title":"Seoul virus suppresses NF-\u03bab-mediated inflammatory responses of antigen presenting cells from Norway rats","volume":"400","author":"Au","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00222","article-title":"Hantavirus-induced disruption of the endothelial barrier: neutrophils are on the payroll","volume":"6","author":"Sch\u00f6nrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12876","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses against human Puumala virus infection: immunopathogenesis and suggestions for novel treatment strategies for severe hantavirus-associated syndromes","volume":"285","author":"Klingstrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.10.017","article-title":"Immune responses to Puumala virus infection and the pathogenesis of nephropathia epidemica","volume":"6","author":"Terajima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00184-20","article-title":"Macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis play pivotal roles for the infectious entry of Puumala virus","volume":"94","author":"Bauherr","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1303","article-title":"Hantaan virus enters cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis","volume":"294","author":"Jin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00418-07","article-title":"Dynein-dependent transport of the Hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein to the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment","volume":"81","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.02.013","article-title":"Macropinocytosis contributes to hantavirus entry into human airway epithelial cells","volume":"531","author":"Torriani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6041801","article-title":"Hantavirus Gn and Gc envelope glycoproteins: key structural units for virus cell entry and virus assembly","volume":"6","author":"Cifuentes-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B116","volume-title":"Hantaviruses","author":"Compans","year":"2001"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56753-7_3","article-title":"Hantavirus maturation","volume-title":"Hantaviruses.","author":"Spiropoulou","year":"2001"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3066","article-title":"Uncovering the mysteries of hantavirus infections","volume":"11","author":"Vaheri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.12.006","article-title":"The cap-snatching mechanism of bunyaviruses","volume":"28","author":"Olschewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.042218-0","article-title":"Hantavirus structure\u2013molecular interactions behind the scene","volume":"93","author":"Hepojoki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac008","article-title":"The kidney in hantavirus infection\u2014Epidemiology, virology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management","volume":"15","author":"Koehler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.75.4.1808-1815.2001","article-title":"Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein is expressed as a membrane-associated protein in the perinuclear region","volume":"75","author":"Ravkov","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081561","article-title":"Hantavirus replication cycle\u2014an updated structural virology perspective","volume":"13","author":"Meier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787","article-title":"Type I interferons in infectious disease","volume":"15","author":"McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01188-z","article-title":"The crucial regulatory role of type I interferon in inflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100100","article-title":"Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like RNA helicases and the antiviral innate immune response","volume":"85","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2023.109942","article-title":"Hantaan virus inhibits type I interferon response by targeting RLR signaling pathways through TRIM25","volume":"589","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010140","article-title":"Interactions of viral proteins from pathogenic and low or non-pathogenic orthohantaviruses with human type I interferon signaling","volume":"13","author":"Gallo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20948","article-title":"Tula and Puumala hantavirus NSs ORFs are functional and the products inhibit activation of the interferon-beta promoter","volume":"79","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090855","article-title":"Puumala and Tula virus differ in replication kinetics and innate immune stimulation in human endothelial cells and macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Bourquain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9090205","article-title":"Suppression of interferon response and antiviral strategies of bunyaviruses","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01945-10","article-title":"The C-terminal 42 residues of the Tula virus Gn protein regulate interferon induction","volume":"85","author":"Matthys","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02347-14","article-title":"Andes virus nucleocapsid protein interrupts protein kinase R dimerization to counteract host interference in viral protein synthesis","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02402-06","article-title":"Andes and Prospect Hill hantaviruses differ in early induction of interferon although both can downregulate interferon signaling","volume":"81","author":"Spiropoulou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00338-19","article-title":"Unique interferon pathway regulation by the Andes virus nucleocapsid protein is conferred by phosphorylation of serine 386","volume":"93","author":"Simons","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00916-10","article-title":"Antagonism of type I interferon responses by New World hantaviruses","volume":"84","author":"Levine","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01088-13","article-title":"An innate immunity-regulating virulence determinant is uniquely encoded by the Andes virus nucleocapsid protein","volume":"5","author":"Cimica","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12291","article-title":"Hantavirus infections","author":"Av\u0161i\u010d-\u017dupanc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(23)00128-7","article-title":"Hantavirus in humans: A review of clinical aspects and management","volume":"23","author":"Vial","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.050634","article-title":"Puumala virus RNA in patient with multiorgan failure","volume":"12","author":"Hoier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268810000087","article-title":"Disease burden of Puumala virus infections, 1995-2008","volume":"138","author":"Makary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3006.231720","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with hantavirus infection, Austria","volume":"30","author":"Hatzl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6052214","article-title":"Immunogenetic factors affecting susceptibility of humans and rodents to hantaviruses and the clinical course of hantaviral disease in humans","volume":"6","author":"Charbonnel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030805","article-title":"Puumala hantavirus infections show extensive variation in clinical outcome","volume":"15","author":"Vaheri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.10.001","article-title":"The pathogenesis of nephropathia epidemica: new knowledge and unanswered questions","volume":"100","author":"Mustonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549409008583","article-title":"Nephropathia epidemica in Finland: A retrospective study of 126 cases","volume":"26","author":"Mustonen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081452","article-title":"Hantavirus research in Finland: highlights and perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Vaheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.12.044","article-title":"Urinary excretion of interleukin-6 correlates with proteinuria in acute Puumala hantavirus-induced nephritis","volume":"43","author":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03994.x","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory findings in patients with oliguric and non-oliguric hantavirus haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: an analysis of 128 patients","volume":"19","author":"Tur\u010dinov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.08.007","article-title":"Pathophysiology of a severe case of Puumala hantavirus infection successfully treated with bradykinin receptor antagonist icatibant","volume":"111","author":"Vaheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1096900","article-title":"Case report: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome presenting as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"9","author":"Smet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cce.0000000000001046","article-title":"Ruxolitinib, IV immunoglobulin, and high-dose glucocorticoids for critically ill adults with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A single-center observational pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Scholz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.580478","article-title":"Development of a comparative European orthohantavirus microneutralization assay with multi- species validation and evaluation in a human diagnostic cohort","volume":"10","author":"Hoornweg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/s1386-6532(00)00187-6","article-title":"Evaluation of a pan-reactive hantavirus enzyme immunoassay and of a hantavirus immunoblot for the diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica","volume":"21","author":"Schubert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2146-2150.2001","article-title":"New immunochromatographic rapid test for diagnosis of acute Puumala virus infection","volume":"39","author":"Hujakka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181dfbbe5","article-title":"Nephropathia epidemica (Puumala virus infection) in Austrian children","volume":"29","author":"Acham-Roschitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00113-16","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala virus","volume":"54","author":"Lagerqvist","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12712","article-title":"Circulation and diagnostics of Puumala virus in Norway: nephropatia epidemica incidence and rodent population dynamics","volume":"125","author":"Milhano","year":"2017","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0037223","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00372-23","article-title":"Molecular detection of orthohantavirus puumalaense in plasma and urine samples from hospitalized patients presenting with a serologically confirmed acute hantavirus infection in France","volume":"61","author":"Reynes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0381323","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03813-23","article-title":"Use of a diagnostic Puumala virus real-time RT-PCR in an orthohantavirus endemic region in the Netherlands","volume":"12","author":"Geeraedts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070661","article-title":"Evaluation of real-time RT-PCR for diagnostic use in detection of Puumala virus","volume":"11","author":"Niskanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2905.221625","article-title":"Poor prognosis for Puumala virus infections predicted by lymphopenia and dyspnea","volume":"29","author":"Hatzl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400908200","article-title":"The broad spectrum antiviral nucleoside ribavirin as a substrate for a viral RNA capping enzyme","volume":"279","author":"Bougie","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(79)91853-9","article-title":"The broad spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin inhibits capping of mRNA","volume":"89","author":"Goswami","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(85)90012-9","article-title":"Mode of action of ribavirin: effect of nucleotide pool alterations on influenza virus ribonucleoprotein synthesis","volume":"5","author":"Wray","year":"1985","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)09567-7","article-title":"Ribavirin is an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase","volume":"38","author":"Fernandez-Larsson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.79.3.1943-1947.2005","article-title":"The predominant mechanism by which ribavirin exerts its antiviral activity in vitro against flaviviruses and paramyxoviruses is mediated by inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase","volume":"79","author":"Leyssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01795-13","article-title":"Ribavirin inhibits in vitro hepatitis E virus replication through depletion of cellular GTP pools and is moderately synergistic with alpha interferon","volume":"58","author":"Debing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.05.006","article-title":"Depletion of GTP pool is not the predominant mechanism by which ribavirin exerts its antiviral effect on Lassa virus","volume":"91","author":"\u00d6lschl\u00e4ger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10198-0","article-title":"Determining ribavirin\u2019s mechanism of action against Lassa virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Carrillo-Bustamante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.099","article-title":"Ribavirin induces polyamine depletion via nucleotide depletion to limit virus replication","volume":"28","author":"Tate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.06.011","article-title":"Interferon-induced spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase and polyamine depletion restrict Zika and Chikungunya viruses","volume":"20","author":"Mounce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111085598","article-title":"RNA virus error catastrophe: direct molecular test by using ribavirin","volume":"98","author":"Crotty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci United States America"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.005","article-title":"Mutagenic effect of ribavirin on hepatitis C nonstructural 5b quasispecies in vitro and during antiviral therapy","volume":"132","author":"Hofmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1492","article-title":"Lethal mutagenesis of HIV with mutagenic nucleoside analogs","volume":"96","author":"Loeb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.77.1.481-488.2003","article-title":"Ribavirin causes error catastrophe during Hantaan virus replication","volume":"77","author":"Severson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00790-06","article-title":"Activity of ribavirin against Hantaan virus correlates with production of ribavirin-5\u2032-triphosphate, not with inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase","volume":"51","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.3.489","article-title":"Ribavirin therapy for Hantaan virus infection in suckling mice","volume":"153","author":"Huggins","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.6.1119","article-title":"Prospective, double-blind, concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin therapy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"164","author":"Huggins","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.09.007","article-title":"Experience with intravenous ribavirin in the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korea","volume":"81","author":"Rusnak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023560","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activity of ribavirin against Andes virus infection","volume":"6","author":"Safronetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v5112704","article-title":"Ribavirin Protects Syrian Hamsters against Lethal Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome \u2014 after Intranasal Exposure to Andes virus","volume":"5","author":"Ogg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82459-0","article-title":"Ribavirin, human convalescent plasma and anti-beta3 integrin antibody inhibit infection by Sin Nombre virus in the deer mouse model","volume":"88","author":"Medina","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965359900400404","article-title":"Intravenous ribavirin for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: safety and tolerance during 1 year of open-label experience","volume":"4","author":"Chapman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antiviral Ther"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425007","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of intravenous ribavirin for the treatment of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in North America","volume":"39","author":"Mertz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1293841","article-title":"Insufficient efficacy and safety of intravenous ribavirin in treatment of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala virus","volume":"49","author":"Malinin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis (London England)"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050070077","article-title":"In vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin and ribavirin upon hantavirus","volume":"145","author":"Murphy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.63.637","article-title":"Characterization of in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of lactoferrin and ribavirin upon hantavirus","volume":"63","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068347","article-title":"The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) ribofuranosyl 5\u2032-triphosphate towards influenza a virus polymerase","volume":"8","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02346-12","article-title":"T-705 (Favipiravir) induces lethal mutagenesis in influenza a H1N1 viruses in vitro","volume":"87","author":"Baranovich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00886-13","article-title":"Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against two prominent etiological agents of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Safronetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061306","article-title":"Antiviral efficacy of ribavirin and favipiravir against Hantaan virus","volume":"9","author":"Mayor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3851\/imp1729","article-title":"Maporal virus as a surrogate for pathogenic New World hantaviruses and its inhibition by favipiravir","volume":"21","author":"Buys","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antiviral Chem Chemother"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.12.006","article-title":"Low-dose ribavirin potentiates the antiviral activity of favipiravir against hemorrhagic fever viruses","volume":"126","author":"Westover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv522","article-title":"Efficacy of favipiravir alone and in combination with ribavirin in a lethal, immunocompetent mouse model of Lassa fever","volume":"213","author":"Oestereich","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002804","article-title":"Evaluation of antiviral efficacy of ribavirin, arbidol, and T-705 (Favipiravir) in a mouse model for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"8","author":"Oestereich","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2023.105703","article-title":"Favipiravir and ribavirin protect immunocompetent mice from lethal CCHFV infection","volume":"218","author":"Tipih","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.02.003","article-title":"Synthesis of 1-B-D-ribofuranosyl-3-ethynyl-1,2,4triazole and its in vitro and in vivo efficacy against hantavirus","volume":"79","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2206104119","article-title":"Identification of cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity against bunyaviruses","volume":"119","author":"Toba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci United States America"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01203","article-title":"An improved enzyme-linked focus formation assay revealed baloxavir acid as a potential antiviral therapeutic against hantavirus infection","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007601","article-title":"RNAi-based small molecule repositioning reveals clinically approved urea-based kinase inhibitors as broadly active antivirals","volume":"15","author":"Lesch","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.880258","article-title":"In vitro anti-hantavirus activity of protein kinase inhibitor 8G1 targeting AKT\/mTOR\/eIF4E signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.745646","article-title":"Coumarin derivative N6 as a novel anti-hantavirus infection agent targeting AKT","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02397-07","article-title":"Hantaviruses direct endothelial cell permeability by sensitizing cells to the vascular permeability factor VEGF, while angiopoietin 1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate inhibit hantavirus-directed permeability","volume":"82","author":"Gavrilovskaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01405-10","article-title":"Andes virus disrupts the endothelial cell barrier by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and downregulation of VE-cadherin","volume":"84","author":"Shrivastava-Ranjan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00576-10","article-title":"Pathogenic hantaviruses Andes virus and Hantaan virus induce adherens junction disassembly by directing vascular endothelial cadherin internalization in human endothelial cells","volume":"84","author":"Gorbunova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1486","article-title":"VEGF controls endothelial-cell permeability by promoting the beta-arrestin-dependent endocytosis of VE-cadherin","volume":"8","author":"Gavard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02319-10","article-title":"VEGFR2 and src kinase inhibitors suppress Andes virus-induced endothelial cell permeability","volume":"85","author":"Gorbunova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.014","article-title":"Effect of vandetanib on Andes virus survival in the hamster model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Bird","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035996","article-title":"DNA vaccine-generated duck polyclonal antibodies as a postexposure prophylactic to prevent hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (Hps)","volume":"7","author":"Brocato","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.77.18.9894-9905.2003","article-title":"Active and passive vaccination against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with Andes virus M genome segment-based DNA vaccine","volume":"77","author":"Custer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003803","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003803","article-title":"Antiviral biologic produced in DNA vaccine\/goose platform protects hamsters against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome when administered post-exposure","volume":"9","author":"Haese","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96884-6","article-title":"Polyclonal alpaca antibodies protect against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a lethal Syrian hamster model","volume":"11","author":"Sroga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-063011-092449","article-title":"Nanobodies: natural single-domain antibodies","volume":"82","author":"Muyldermans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00832","article-title":"Anti-HFRS human IgG produced in transchromosomic bovines has potent hantavirus neutralizing activity and is protective in animal models","volume":"11","author":"Perley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0160024","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01600-24","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of a fully human, quadrivalent-hantavirus polyclonal antibody derived from a non-human source","volume":"15","author":"Brocato","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264ra162","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010082","article-title":"DNA vaccine-derived human IgG produced in transchromosomal bovines protect in lethal models of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Hooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01309700","article-title":"Protective role of antigenic sites on the envelope protein of Hantaan virus defined by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"126","author":"Arikawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0113","article-title":"Bacterial expression of neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody Fab fragments to Hantaan virus","volume":"217","author":"Liang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00028-20","article-title":"Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the Gn and the Gc of the Andes virus glycoprotein spike complex protect from virus challenge in a preclinical hamster model","volume":"11","author":"Duehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat6420","article-title":"Two recombinant human monoclonal antibodies that protect against lethal Andes hantavirus infection in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Garrido","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2710.210735","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of human monoclonal antibodies against Andes virus infection in Syrian hamsters","volume":"27","author":"Williamson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.06.002","article-title":"The Syrian hamster model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Safronetz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.10.016","article-title":"Infection of Hantaan virus strain aa57 leading to pulmonary disease in laboratory mice","volume":"163","author":"Seto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102247","article-title":"Pathological studies on Hantaan virus-infected mice simulating severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/793257","article-title":"Animal models for the study of rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses: arenaviruses and hantaviruses","volume":"2015","author":"Golden","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac338","article-title":"Bunyavirales: scientific gaps and prototype pathogens for a large and diverse group of zoonotic viruses","volume":"228","author":"Hartman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.10.001","article-title":"Animal models of viral hemorrhagic fever","volume":"112","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.388","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Hantaan virus infection in suckling mice: clinical, virologic, and serologic observations","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1989.tb01513.x","article-title":"Comparison of virulence between two strains of rattus serotype hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus in newborn rats","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.17.8890-8899.2002","article-title":"Hantaan virus infection causes an acute neurological disease that is fatal in adult laboratory mice","volume":"76","author":"Wichmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.692509","article-title":"Nlrc3 knockout mice showed renal pathological changes after HTNV infection","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080693","article-title":"Platelet count in patients with mild disease at admission is associated with progression to severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216700","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216700","article-title":"Three asymptomatic animal infection models of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaviruses","volume":"14","author":"Perley","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.05.021","article-title":"Puumala virus infection in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) resembling hantavirus infection in natural rodent hosts","volume":"160","author":"Sanada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.1.38","article-title":"A macaque model for hantavirus infection","volume":"172","author":"Groen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.1.444-449.2002","article-title":"Wild-type Puumala hantavirus infection induces cytokines, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and nitric oxide in cynomolgus macaques","volume":"76","author":"Klingstr\u00f6m","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3035","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003035","article-title":"Pathology of Puumala hantavirus infection in macaques","volume":"3","author":"Sironen","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001470","article-title":"Hantavirus infection in type I interferon receptor-deficient (A129) mice","volume":"101","author":"Dowall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000087","article-title":"Hantavirus-induced pathogenesis in mice with a humanized immune system","volume":"96","author":"Kobak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012875","article-title":"A pan-orthohantavirus human lung xenograft mouse model and its utility for preclinical studies","volume":"21","author":"Rissmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00281","article-title":"Replication in the mononuclear phagocyte system (Mps) as a determinant of hantavirus pathogenicity","volume":"10","author":"Raftery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050901","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody titers in hospitalized patients with acute puumala orthohantavirus infection do not associate with disease severity","volume":"14","author":"Iheozor-Ejiofor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.1.38","article-title":"Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors, interleukin (IL)-6, and il-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Linderholm","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.096","article-title":"Vaccines for hantaviruses","author":"Schmaljohn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.024","article-title":"A phase 1 clinical trial of Hantaan virus and Puumala virus M-segment DNA vaccines for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Boudreau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020532","article-title":"Characterization of a panel of cross-reactive hantavirus nucleocapsid protein-specific monoclonal antibodies","volume":"15","author":"Avi\u017einien\u0117","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B248","volume-title":"Development of vaccine against Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome","author":"Lee","year":"1988"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2001.42.3.278","article-title":"Primary humoral immune responses to formalin inactivated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine (Hantavax): consideration of active immunization in South Korea","volume":"42","author":"Sohn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.19.018","article-title":"Introduction of vaccinomics to develop personalized vaccines in light of changes in the usage of Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax\u00ae) in Korea","volume":"52","author":"Bae","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067925","article-title":"Review of an inactivated vaccine against hantaviruses","volume":"45","author":"Cho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040684","article-title":"Protective effectiveness of hantavirus vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.18.0044","article-title":"Effectiveness of inactivated hantavirus vaccine on the disease severity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.01.031","article-title":"Long-term immunogenicity and safety of inactivated Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax\u2122) in healthy adults","volume":"34","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.10.035","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a modified three-dose priming and booster schedule for the Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax): A multi-center phase III clinical trial in healthy adults","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(99)00057-2","article-title":"Antibody responses in humans to an inactivated hantavirus vaccine (Hantavax)","volume":"17","author":"Cho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070610","article-title":"Progress on the prevention and treatment of hantavirus disease","volume":"11","author":"Brocato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1233433","article-title":"Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection","volume":"14","author":"Afzal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.545372","article-title":"Pre-clinical studies of inactivated polyvalent HFRS vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Dzagurova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.545371","article-title":"Various adjuvants effect on immunogenicity of Puumala virus vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Kurashova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0075","article-title":"Characterization of Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein: identification of B-cell epitopes and domains involved in protective immunity","volume":"216","author":"Lundkvist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-1-129","article-title":"T-helper and humoral responses to Puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein: identification of T-helper epitopes in a mouse model","volume":"82","author":"Carvalho Nicacio","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008186403612","article-title":"Expression of immunogenic Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein in transgenic tobacco and potato plants","volume":"22","author":"Kehm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.13.6669-6677.2002","article-title":"Cross-Protection against Challenge with Puumala virus after Immunization with Nucleocapsid Proteins from Different Hantaviruses","volume":"76","author":"Carvalho Nicacio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(02)00341-9","article-title":"Yeast-expressed Puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein induces protection in a bank vole model","volume":"20","author":"Dargeviciute","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/b:Viru.0000032794.24032.72","article-title":"Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in transgenic plants is not immunogenic after oral administration","volume":"29","author":"Khattak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2007.0059","article-title":"Truncated recombinant Puumala virus nucleocapsid proteins protect mice against challenge in vivo","volume":"21","author":"Maes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.18389","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a multi-epitope DNA vaccine against hantavirus","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1656(00)00329-1","article-title":"DNA vaccination of mice with a plasmid encoding Puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein mimics the B-cell response induced by virus infection","volume":"84","author":"Koletzki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(01)00151-7","article-title":"Modifying the cellular transport of DNA-based vaccines alters the immune response to hantavirus nucleocapsid protein","volume":"19","author":"Bucht","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.09.082","article-title":"Cross-reactive immune responses in mice after genetic vaccination with cDNA encoding hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins","volume":"25","author":"Lindkvist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.097","article-title":"Mixing of M segment DNA vaccines to Hantaan virus and Puumala virus reduces their immunogenicity in hamsters","volume":"26","author":"Spik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.75.18.8469-8477.2001","article-title":"DNA vaccination with the Hantaan virus M gene protects hamsters against three of four HFRS hantaviruses and elicits a high-titer neutralizing antibody response in rhesus monkeys","volume":"75","author":"Hooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(97)00172-2","article-title":"Chimaeric HBV core particles carrying a defined segment of Puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein evoke protective immunity in an animal model","volume":"16","author":"Ulrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010093","article-title":"Immunogenic properties of MVs containing structural hantaviral proteins: an original study","volume":"14","author":"Shkair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2604","article-title":"Cross-reactivity of hantavirus antibodies after immunization with PUUV antigens","volume":"71","author":"Shkair","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotechnol Appl Biochem"},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12553","article-title":"A phase 1 clinical trial of Hantaan virus and Puumala virus M-segment DNA vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome delivered by intramuscular electroporation","author":"Hooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030377","article-title":"A phase 2a randomized, double-blind, dose-optimizing study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a bivalent DNA vaccine for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome delivered by intramuscular electroporation","volume":"8","author":"Hooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00998-7","article-title":"Phase 1 clinical trial of Hantaan and Puumala virus DNA vaccines delivered by needle-free injection","volume":"9","author":"Hooper","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.397","article-title":"Immunity to hantavirus challenge in meriones unguiculatus induced by vaccinia-vectored viral proteins","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00482-20","article-title":"Humoral immunity to hantavirus infection","volume":"5","author":"Engdahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01220.x","article-title":"Development of humoral cross-reactivity to the nucleocapsid protein of heterologous hantaviruses in nephropathia epidemica","volume":"22","author":"Elgh","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2014.1004026","article-title":"Advances in aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant research and its mechanism","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093454","article-title":"Truncated recombinant Dobrava hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins induce strong, long-lasting immune responses in mice","volume":"49","author":"Maes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.06.003","article-title":"Minigenomes, transcription and replication competent virus-like particles and beyond: reverse genetics systems for filoviruses and other negative stranded hemorrhagic fever viruses","volume":"91","author":"Hoenen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842x(96)10062-7","article-title":"Genetic engineering of animal RNA viruses","volume":"4","author":"Conzelmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6072531","article-title":"RNA virus reverse genetics and vaccine design","volume":"6","author":"Stobart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.01.046","article-title":"Reverse genetics of negative-stranded RNA viruses: A global perspective","volume":"244","author":"Walpita","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.16.3607","article-title":"RNA polymerase I catalysed transcription of insert viral cDNA","volume":"21","author":"Zobel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.21.8122","article-title":"Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase","volume":"83","author":"Fuerst","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2020.05.004","article-title":"Reverse genetics approaches for the development of bunyavirus vaccines","volume":"44","author":"Tercero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1401-0","article-title":"Development of a minigenome system for Andes virus, a New World hantavirus","volume":"157","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008076926061","article-title":"Stable expression of nucleocapsid proteins of Puumala and Hantaan virus in mammalian cells","volume":"17","author":"Welzel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0042-6822(02)00070-3","article-title":"Rescue of Hantaan virus minigenomes","volume":"306","author":"Flick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167230","article-title":"Innate immunity to orthohantaviruses: could divergent immune interactions explain host-specific disease outcomes","volume":"434","author":"Kell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-018-1590-z","article-title":"Reassortment events in the evolution of hantaviruses","volume":"54","author":"Klempa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.021139-0","article-title":"Generation and characterization of genetic reassortants between Puumala and Prospect Hill hantavirus in vitro","volume":"91","author":"Handke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.05.018","article-title":"Andes virus M genome segment is not sufficient to confer the virulence associated with Andes virus in Syrian hamsters","volume":"326","author":"McElroy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00405-14","article-title":"Interaction between hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (N) and rna-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) mutants reveals the requirement of an N-RdRp interaction for viral RNA synthesis","volume":"88","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575112\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T01:26:57Z","timestamp":1746667617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575112\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":299,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575112","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"article-number":"1575112"}}