{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:43:23Z","timestamp":1772559803394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch on acute rejection (AR) in liver transplantation (LT) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of donor-recipient mismatch at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1 loci on AR in LT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 92 patients who underwent LT were selected for investigation from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2024, and the donors of these patients were also from the same hospital. All donor and recipient specimens were genotyped via next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the 11 HLA loci. The patients were divided into AR and non-AR groups according to whether AR occurred after LT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 12 cases (13.04%) experienced AR after LT. The proportion of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was lower in the AR group than that in the non-AR group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05), while the proportion of split LT and mortality within 1 year after transplantation was higher in the AR group than in the non-AR group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05). Compared with the non-AR group, the AR group had a significantly higher proportion of high-mismatch DQB1 (2 vs. 0-1) and DRB1+DQB1 (4 vs. 0-3) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05) at the allele level, and other mismatches of a single locus and different combinations of the 11 HLA loci had no significant differences between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt;0.05). However, neither high-mismatch DQB1 nor high-mismatch DRB1+DQB1 at the allele level was an independent risk factor for AR after adjustment for chronic HBV infection, LT operative procedures, and immunosuppressive regimen using bootstrapping [odds ratio (OR): 0.203, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.000\u20131.300, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.067; OR: 0.404, 95% CI: 0.000\u20132.625, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.172, respectively].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this preliminary study, no correlation between HLA mismatch at the allele level and post-transplant AR episodes was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1576815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T08:58:49Z","timestamp":1747731529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of human leukocyte antigen mismatch between donor-recipient on acute rejection in liver transplantation using next-generation sequencing: a single-center study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Genjie","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangfang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000873","article-title":"The future of liver 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